Infractions liées aux jeux de hasard (infraction)
| Cette page a été mise à jour ou révisée de manière substantielle pour la dernière fois January 2022. (Rev. # 19767) |
| Gambling Offences | |
|---|---|
| Art. 201 and 202 du | |
| élection / plaidoyer | |
| choix du mode de poursuite | acte d’accusation Summary une procédure sommaire doit être initiée dans les 12 mois de l'infraction (786(2)) |
| Jurisdiction | Prov. Court only (201(1), 202 and 203) Prov. Court only (201(2)) |
| dispositions sommaires | |
| dispositions disponible |
Absolution (730) ordonnances de probation (731(1)(a)) |
| minimum | Aucun |
| maximum | emprisonnement maximal de deux ans moins un jour ou d'une amende de 5 000 $ (du 19 septembre 2019) |
| disposition des actes d'accusation | |
| dispositions disponible |
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| minimum | 14 days incarcération (second) (202 and 203) 30 days incarcération (third or more) (202 and 203) |
| maximum | 2 years incarcération |
| Référence | |
| Éléments d'infraction résumé des cas de la peine | |
Overview
Les infractions liées au gambling se retrouvent dans la partie VII du Code criminel relative au « Désordre dans les maisons, aux jeux et paris ».
There are three classes of offences in relation to Gambling under the Criminal Code. Those offences relate Keeping a Gaming/Betting House (201), Betting and Book-Making (202), and Placing bets on behalf of others (203). There is also a related offence for breach of gambling rules or regulations (204).
- Pleadings
Offences under s. 201(1) [tenancier d’une maison de jeu ou de pari], 202 [betting, pool-selling, book-making, etc.] and 203 [placing bets on behalf of others] are absolute jurisdiction offences under s. 553(a) and so does not have a defence election of court. It must be tried by a provincial court judge.
Les infractions visées par la loi s. 201(2) [person found in or owner permitting use] sont des infractions punissables par condamnation par procédure sommaire. Le procès doit se dérouler devant un tribunal provincial.
- Release
| Infraction(s) | Avis de comparution par un agent de la paix l'art. 497 |
Comparution obligatoire de l'accusé sans arrestation l'art. 508(1), 512(1), or 788 |
Liberer par un agent de la paix avec promesse l'art. 498, 499, and 501 |
Mise en liberté provisoire l'art. 515 à 519 |
Direct pour assister au test d'empreintes digitales, etc. Loi sur l'identification des criminels l'art. 2 ID des crim. |
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| s. 201(1) [tenancier d’une maison de jeu ou de pari], s. 202 [betting, pool-selling, book-making, etc.] or s. 203 [placing bets on behalf of others] |
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| s. 201(2) [person found in or owner permitting use] | |
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(summary offence)
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Lorsqu'il est inculpé en vertu de s. 201(1), 201(2), 202 or 203, l'accusé peut recevoir une avis de comparution sans être arrêté en vertu de l'art. 497 ou une sommation. S'il est arrêté, il peut être libéré par l'agent qui l'a arrêté conformément à l'art. 498 ou 499 sur un engagement avec ou sans conditionl'art. Il peut également être libéré par un juge en vertu de l'art. 515.
When charged under s. 201(2), the accused can be given an appearance notice without arrest under s. 497 or a summons. If arrested, he can be released by the arresting officer under s. 498 or 499 on an undertaking with or without conditions. He can also be released by a justice under s. 515.
- Fingerprints and Photos
Un agent de la paix qui accuse une personne en vertu de s. 201(1), 202 or 203 du Code peut exiger que cette personne se présente pour la prise d'empreintes digitales, de photographies ou d'autres enregistrements similaires qui sont utilisés pour l'identifier en vertu de la « Loi sur l'identification des criminels.
- Publication Bans
Pour toutes les poursuites pénales ou réglementaires, il existe une interdiction générale discrétionnaire de publication, à la demande de la Couronne, de la victime ou du témoin, afin d'interdire la publication de "toute information susceptible d'identifier la victime ou le témoin" en vertu de l'article 486.5(1), lorsque cela est "nécessaire" à la "bonne administration de la justice". D'autres interdictions de publication sont possibles, notamment l'interdiction de publier des preuves ou d'autres informations résultant d'une audience de mise en liberté sous caution (article 517), d'une enquête préliminaire (article 539) ou d'un procès avec jury (article 648). Dans toutes les poursuites intentées contre des adolescents, il existe une interdiction obligatoire de publier les renseignements qui tendent à identifier les jeunes accusés en vertu de l'article 110 de la LSJPA ou les jeunes victimes en vertu de l'article 111 de la LSJPA.
- Offence Designations
| Infraction(s) | Admissible à l'écoute électronique l'art. 183 |
Infraction désignée comme délinquant dangereux l'art. 752 |
Sévices graves à la personne l'art. 752 |
Consentement du procureur général requis |
Infraction criminelle grave l'art. 36 IRPA |
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| s. 201(1) [tenancier d’une maison de jeu ou de pari], s. 202(1)(e) |
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(under 10 years max)
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| s. 201(2) [person found in or owner permitting use] s. 202(1)(a) to (d), (f) to (g) [betting, book-making, etc.] s. 203 [placing bets on behalf of others] and s. 204 [contravention of gambling rules] |
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(under 10 years max)
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Voir ci-dessous Ordres de condamnation annexes pour plus de détails sur les désignations relatives aux ordres de condamnation.
Offence Wording
- Keeping gaming or betting house
201 (1) Every person who keeps a common gaming house or common betting house is guilty of
- (a) an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than two years; or
- (b) an offence punishable on summary conviction.
- Person found in or owner permitting use
(2) Every one who
- (a) is found, without lawful excuse, in a common gaming house or common betting house, or
- (b) as owner, landlord, lessor, tenant, occupier or agent, knowingly permits a place to be let or used for the purposes of a common gaming house or common betting house,
is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction.
R.S., c. C-34, s. 185; 2019, c. 25, s. 70.
- Betting, pool-selling, book-making, etc.
202 (1) Every one commits an offence who
- (a) uses or knowingly allows a place under his control to be used for the purpose of recording or registering bets or selling a pool;
- (b) imports, makes, buys, sells, rents, leases, hires or keeps, exhibits, employs or knowingly allows to be kept, exhibited or employed in any place under his control any device or apparatus for the purpose of recording or registering bets or selling a pool, or any machine or device for gambling or betting;
- (c) has under his control any money or other property relating to a transaction that is an offence under this section;
- (d) records or registers bets or sells a pool;
- (e) engages in book-making or pool-selling, or in the business or occupation of betting, or makes any agreement for the purchase or sale of betting or gaming privileges, or for the purchase or sale of information that is intended to assist in book-making, pool-selling or betting;
- (f) prints, provides or offers to print or provide information intended for use in connection with book-making, pool-selling or betting on any horse-race, fight, game or sport, whether or not it takes place in or outside Canada or has or has not taken place;
- (g) imports or brings into Canada any information or writing that is intended or is likely to promote or be of use in gambling, book-making, pool-selling or betting on a horse-race, fight, game or sport, and where this paragraph applies it is immaterial
- (i) whether the information is published before, during or after the race, fight game or sport, or
- (ii) whether the race, fight, game or sport takes place in Canada or elsewhere,
but this paragraph does not apply to a newspaper, magazine or other periodical published in good faith primarily for a purpose other than the publication of such information;
- (h) advertises, prints, publishes, exhibits, posts up, or otherwise gives notice of any offer, invitation or inducement to bet on, to guess or to foretell the result of a contest, or a result of or contingency relating to any contest;
- (i) wilfully and knowingly sends, transmits, delivers or receives any message that conveys any information relating to book-making, pool-selling, betting or wagering, or that is intended to assist in book-making, pool-selling, betting or wagering; or
- (j) aids or assists in any manner in anything that is an offence under this section.
- Punishment
(2) Every one who commits an offence under this section is guilty of an indictable offence and liable
- (a) for a first offence, to imprisonment for not more than two years;
- (b) for a second offence, to imprisonment for not more than two years and not less than fourteen days; and
- (c) for each subsequent offence, to imprisonment for not more than two years and not less than three months.
R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 202; 2008, c. 18, s. 5.
- Placing bets on behalf of others
203 Every one who
- (a) places or offers or agrees to place a bet on behalf of another person for a consideration paid or to be paid by or on behalf of that other person,
- (b) engages in the business or practice of placing or agreeing to place bets on behalf of other persons, whether for a consideration or otherwise, or
- (c) holds himself out or allows himself to be held out as engaging in the business or practice of placing or agreeing to place bets on behalf of other persons, whether for a consideration or otherwise,
is guilty of an indictable offence and liable
- (d) for a first offence, to imprisonment for not more than two years,
- (e) for a second offence, to imprisonment for not more than two years and not less than fourteen days, and
- (f) for each subsequent offence, to imprisonment for not more than two years and not less than three months.
R.S., c. C-34, s. 187; 1974-75-76, c. 93, s. 11.
204
[omis (1), (1.1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (8.1), (9) and (9.1)]
- Contravention
(10) Every person who contravenes or fails to comply with any of the provisions of this section or of any regulations made under this section is guilty of
- (a) an indictable offence and is liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years; or
- (b) an offence punishable on summary conviction.
[omis (11)]
R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 204; R.S., 1985, c. 47 (1st Supp.), s. 1; 1989, c. 2, s. 1; 1994, c. 38, ss. 14, 25; 2008, c. 18, s. 6.
Projet de formulaire d'accusations
| Préambules | ||
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| "QUE [nom complet de l'accusé] est accusé d'avoir, entre le <DATE> jour de <MOIS>, <ANNÉE> et le <DATE> jour de <MOIS>, <ANNÉE>***, à ou près de <COMMUNAUTÉ/VILLE/VILLE>, <PROVINCE>, ... " OU | ||
| « QUE [nom complet de l'accusé] est accusé d'avoir, le ou vers le <DATE> jour de <MOIS>, <ANNÉE>, à ou près de <COMMUNAUTÉ/VILLE/VILLE>, <PROVINCE>, ... » OU | ||
| "ET DE PLUS, au même moment et au même endroit précités, il [ou elle]..." | ||
| Article du Code | Objet de l'infraction | Projet de libellé |
| 202(1)(a) | "..., did use or allow to be used, a place under his or her control, to wit: [location, including address], for the purpose of recording or registering bets or selling a pool, contrairement à l'art. 202(1)(a) du « Code criminel »." | |
| 202(1)(b) | "..., contrairement à l'art. 202(1)(b) du « Code criminel »." | |
| 202(1)(c) | "..., contrairement à l'art. 202(1)(c) du « Code criminel »." | |
| 202(1)(d) | "..., contrairement à l'art. 202(1)(d) du « Code criminel »." | |
| 202(1)(e) | "..., contrairement à l'art. 202(1)(e) du « Code criminel »." | |
| 203(a) | "..., contrairement à l'art. 203 du « Code criminel ». | |
| 206(1)(a) | "..., contrairement à l'art. 206(1)(a) du « Code criminel »." | |
| 209 | cheating | "..., did, with the intent to defraud [name1], cheat while playing the game [name of game], in holding stakes for the game [name of game], or in betting on [name of game] contrairement à l'art. 209 du « Code criminel »." |
Proof of the Offences
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Prouver Keeping gaming or betting house selon l'art. 201(1) doit inclure :
Prouver Person found in or owner permitting use selon l'art. 201(2) doit inclure :
Prouver Betting, pool-selling, book-making, etc selon l'art. 202(1) doit inclure :
Prouver Placing bets on behalf of others selon l'art. 203 doit inclure :
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Interpretation of the Offence
- Purpose
The primary concern of s. 202 is concerned with "bookmakers, pool sellers, gaming house keepers and their activities" as well as those who assist them. It is not concerned with those buy tickets or place bets.[1]
- "Bookmaking"
The term bookmaking refers to the profession of taking or negotiating bets, keeping betting accounts. It is not limited to horseracing.[2]
- "Betting" and "Gaming"
Acquiring a share of a lottery ticket can be a form of gaming or betting.[3]
- Keeping Betting Devices (202(1)(b))
To make out an offence under s. 202(1)(b), the Crown is required to prove: [4]
- "that the [accused] kept devices in a place under her control" (actus reus);
- "that these devices were gambling devices" (actus reus); and
- "that the [accused] knew that the devices were gambling devices and knowingly kept them".
An honest and reasonable belief that the illegal devices were legal is not a defence.[5]
- Recording or Registering (202(1)(d))
The recording that makes up the offence under s. 202(1)(d) must be that of the book-keeper, not the bettor.[6]
- Disseminate Betting Information (202(1)(f))
The source of the information making up an offence under s. 202(1)(f) does not have to be from an illegal operation.[7]
- Constitutionality
Section 199 does not violate the Charter.[8]
The provision of s. 202(1)(b) is intra vires the authority of Parliament criminal law making powers.[9]
- ↑ R c Michael, 1974 ALTASCAD 48 (CanLII), 5 WWR 749, per Moir JA, au para 22 ("The entire section is chiefly concerned with a certain class of society, bookmakers, pool sellers, gaming house keepers and their activities. In addition, the section is aimed at those who assist or aid these people, and their activities are made criminal. Parliament has not made it a crime to buy a pool ticket or to place a bet with the bookmaker.")
- ↑ R c Decome, 1991 CanLII 3847 (QC CA), 63 CCC (3d) 460
- ↑ R c World Media Brokers Inc, 1998 CanLII 27760 (ON CJ), 132 CCC (3d) 180, par Fairgrieve J("... Brooke J.A.'s use of the word "game" to describe the risking of money that could produce either a win or loss. His Lordship also observed that the accused there had been properly acquitted by the trial judge of the charge of "placing bets for consideration", not because "bets" were not being placed, but because there was no "consideration" received by the accused for having done so. That, in my view, provides appellate authority for the obvious proposition, ..., that acquiring a share of a lottery ticket is a "bet" and a lottery is a "game", within the meaning of the Criminal Code.")
- ↑ R c Kent, 1994 CanLII 62 (SCC), [1994] 3 RCS 133
- ↑ R c Potter, 1978 CanLII 2532 (PE SCTD)
- ↑ Michael, supra, au para 20 ("In that sense they must apply to the records or register of the bookmaker and not to the mere writing of the appellant. In my view the writing by the appleeant was merely a convenient means of communicating the appellant’s selections for the day and the amounts he wished to wager on each horse to the bookmaker.")
- ↑ R c Ede, 1993 CanLII 14672 (ON CA), 84 CCC (3d) 447, par curiam
- ↑ R c Huynh, 2009 ABQB 637 (CanLII), per Hawco J
- ↑ R c J.B.L. Amusements Ltd., 1998 CanLII 18037 (NL CA), 123 CCC (3d) 419, par Gushue JA, aux paras 8 to 14
Misc Definitions
- PART VII
- Disorderly Houses, Gaming and Betting
- Interpretation
- Definitions
197 (1) In this Part [Pt. VII – Maisons de désordre, jeux et paris (art. 197 à 213)],
"bet" means a bet that is placed on any contingency or event that is to take place in or out of Canada, and without restricting the generality of the foregoing, includes a bet that is placed on any contingency relating to a horse-race, fight, match or sporting event that is to take place in or out of Canada; (pari)
"common bawdy-house" [Repealed, 2019, c. 25, s. 69.1]
"common betting house" means a place that is opened, kept or used for the purpose of
- (a) enabling, encouraging or assisting persons who resort thereto to bet between themselves or with the keeper, or
- (b) enabling any person to receive, record, register, transmit or pay bets or to announce the results of betting; (maison de pari)
"common gaming house" means a place that is
- (a) kept for gain to which persons resort for the purpose of playing games, or
- (b) kept or used for the purpose of playing games
- (i) in which a bank is kept by one or more but not all of the players,
- (ii) in which all or any portion of the bets on or proceeds from a game is paid, directly or indirectly, to the keeper of the place,
- (iii) in which, directly or indirectly, a fee is charged to or paid by the players for the privilege of playing or participating in a game or using gaming equipment, or
- (iv) in which the chances of winning are not equally favourable to all persons who play the game, including the person, if any, who conducts the game; (maison de jeu)
"disorderly house" means a common betting house or a common gaming house; (maison de désordre)
"game" means a game of chance or mixed chance and skill; (jeu)
"gaming equipment" means anything that is or may be used for the purpose of playing games or for betting; (matériel de jeu)
"keeper" includes a person who
- (a) is an owner or occupier of a place,
- (b) assists or acts on behalf of an owner or occupier of a place,
- (c) appears to be, or to assist or act on behalf of an owner or occupier of a place,
- (d) has the care or management of a place, or
- (e) uses a place permanently or temporarily, with or without the consent of the owner or occupier thereof; (tenancier)
"place" includes any place, whether or not
- (a) it is covered or enclosed,
- (b) it is used permanently or temporarily, or
- (c) any person has an exclusive right of user with respect to it; (local ou endroit)
"prostitute" [Repealed, 2014, c. 25, s. 12]
"public place" includes any place to which the public have access as of right or by invitation, express or implied. (endroit public)
- Exception
(2) A place is not a common gaming house within the meaning of paragraph (a) or subparagraph (b)(ii) or (iii) of the definition common gaming house in subsection (1) while it is occupied and used by an incorporated genuine social club or branch thereof, if
- (a) the whole or any portion of the bets on or proceeds from games played therein is not directly or indirectly paid to the keeper thereof; and
- (b) no fee is charged to persons for the right or privilege of participating in the games played therein other than under the authority of and in accordance with the terms of a licence issued by the Attorney General of the province in which the place is situated or by such other person or authority in the province as may be specified by the Attorney General thereof.
- Onus
(3) The onus of proving that, by virtue of subsection (2) , a place is not a common gaming house is on the accused.
- Effect when game partly played on premises
(4) A place may be a common gaming house notwithstanding that
- (a) it is used for the purpose of playing part of a game and another part of the game is played elsewhere;
- (b) the stake that is played for is in some other place; or
- (c) it is used on only one occasion in the manner described in paragraph (b) of the definition common gaming house in subsection (1) [disorderly houses, gaming and betting – definitions], if the keeper or any person acting on behalf of or in concert with the keeper has used another place on another occasion in the manner described in that paragraph.
R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 197; R.S., 1985, c. 27 (1st Supp.), s. 29; 2014, c. 25, s. 12; 2019, c. 25, s. 69.1.
[annotation(s) ajoutée(s)]
Exemptions
Participation of Third Parties
- Testimonial Aids
Certaines personnes qui témoignent ont le droit de demander l'utilisation d'aides au témoignage: Exclusion of Public (l'art. 486), Utilisation d'un écran de témoignage (l'art. 486), Accès à une personne de soutien pendant le témoignage (l'art. 486.1), Témoignage par lien vidéo à proximité (l'art. 486.2), Ordonnance d’interdiction de contre-interrogatoire par autoreprésentation (l'art. 486.3), and Ordonnance de sécurité des témoins (l'art. 486.7).
Un témoin, une victime ou un plaignant peut également demander une interdiction de publication (art. 486.4, 486.5) et/ou une ordonnance de non-divulgation de l'identité du témoin (art. 486.31). Voir également Interdictions de publication, ci-dessus ici.
- On Finding of Guilt
Sous l'art. 738, un juge doit demander au ministère public avant de prononcer la peine si « des mesures raisonnables ont été prises pour donner aux victimes la possibilité d'indiquer si elles demandent restitution pour leurs pertes et dommages ».
Sous l'art. 722(2), le juge doit demander « dès que possible » avant de prononcer la peine auprès de la Couronne « si des mesures raisonnables ont été prises pour donner à la victime la possibilité de préparer » une déclaration de la victime . Cela comprendra toute personne « qui a subi, ou est soupçonnée d'avoir subi, un préjudice physique ou émotionnel, un dommage matériel ou une perte économique » à la suite de l'infraction. Les individus représentant une communauté touchée par le crime peuvent déposer une déclaration en vertu de l'art. 722.2.
Sentencing Principles and Ranges
- Maximum Penalties
Les infractions en vertu de l'art. s. 201(1) and 202(2) sont directement passibles d'une mise en accusation. La peine maximale est de 2 ans d'emprisonnement.
Offences under s. 201(2) are straight summary conviction offences. The maximum penalty is 2 ans d'emprisonnement.
- Minimum Penalties
Offences under s. 201(1) and (2) have no mandatory minimum penalties.
Pour les infractions inférieures à s. 202 and 203 have a mandatory minimum of 14 days jail on a second conviction and 3 months jail on three or more convictions, il existe une peine minimale obligatoire de {{{2}}}.
- Available Dispositions
| Offence(s) | Choix du mode de poursuite |
Absolution l'art. 730 |
Suspended Sentence l'art. 731(1)(a) |
Stand-alone Amendes l'art. 731(1)(b) |
Détenues sous garde l'art. 718.3, 787 |
Détenues sous garde and Probation l'art. 731(1)(b) |
Détenues sous garde and Amende l'art. 734 |
Ordonnances du sursis (ODS) l'art. 742.1 |
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| s. 201(1) and (2), 202(2) |
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| s. 202 and 203 With prior convictions |
N/A | |
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Toutes les dispositions sont disponibles. Le juge peut ordonner une absolution (art. 730), peine avec sursis (art. 731(1)(a)), [[Amendes|amende] ] (art. 731(1)(b)), garde (art. 718.3, 787), garde avec probation (art. 731(1)(b)), garde avec amende (art. 734), ou une ordonnances de sursis (art. 742.1).
- Consecutive Sentences
Il n'y a aucune exigence légale selon laquelle les peines doivent être consécutives.
- Ranges
Discharges, either conditional or absolute, are a possible disposition for first-time offenders. [1]
- ↑ R c Colosimo, 2011 MBPC 70 (CanLII), 271 Man R (2d) 198, par Pollack J
Ancillary Sentencing Orders
- Offence-specific Orders
- None
- General Sentencing Orders
| Order | Conviction | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Non-communication order under s. 743.21 | any | A discretionary order prohibiting the offender from communicating with named persons while he is in custody. |
| Restitution Orders | any | A discretionary Order on application under s. 738, for things such as the replacement value of the property; the pecuniary damages incurred from harm, expenses fleeing a domestic partner; or certain expenses arising from the commission of an offence under s.402.2 or 403. |
| Suramende pour la victime (s. 737) | any | A discretionary surcharge under s. 737 of 30% of any fine order imposed, $100 per summary conviction or $200 per indictable conviction. If the offence occurs on or after October 23, 2013, the order has smaller minimum amounts (15%, $50, or $100). |
- General Forfeiture Orders
| Forfeiture | Conviction | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Confiscation d'armes et d'armes à feu (s. 491) | any | Where there is finding of guilt for an offence where a "weapon, an imitation firearm, a prohibited device, any ammunition, any prohibited ammunition or an explosive substance was used in the commission of [the] offence and that thing has been seized and detained", or "that a person has committed an offence that involves, or the subject-matter of which is, a firearm, a cross-bow, a prohibited weapon, a restricted weapon, a prohibited device, ammunition, prohibited ammunition or an explosive substance has been seized and detained, that the item be an enumerated weapon or related item be connected to the offence", then there will be a mandatory forfeiture order. However, under s. 491(2), if the lawful owner "was not a party to the offence" and the judge has "no reasonable grounds to believe that the thing would or might be used in the commission of an offence", then it should be returned to the lawful owner. |
Record Suspensions and Pardons
Les condamnations au titre de s. 201 to 203 peuvent faire l'objet d'une suspension du casier conformément aux articles 3 et 4 de la Loi sur le casier judiciaire 5 ans après l'expiration de la peine pour les infractions punissables sur déclaration de culpabilité par procédure sommaire et 10 ans après l'expiration de la peine pour toutes les autres infractionl'art. Le délinquant ne peut pas voir son casier suspendu s'il a été (1) reconnu coupable d'au moins trois infractions passibles d'une peine maximale d'emprisonnement à perpétuité, et (2) pour chacune de ces trois infractions, il a été "condamné à une peine d'emprisonnement de deux ans ou plus".(Traduit par Google Traduction)
History
See Also
- References
- 2022
- Categories
- Droit pénal
- Détermination de la peine
- Infractions
- Infractions punissables sur déclaration de culpabilité sommaire
- Infractions passibles d'une peine maximale de 2 ans moins un jour
- Infractions de compétence absolue
- 2019, c. 25
- 1985, c. C-46
- 2008, c. 18
- 1974-75-76, c. 93
- 1985, c. 47 (1st Supp.)
- 1989, c. 2
- 1994, c. 38
- 1985, c. 27 (1st Supp.)
- 2014, c. 25
- Infractions nécessitant un avis à la victime
- Infractions passibles d'une peine maximale de 2 ans
- Infractions directement punissables
- Straight Summary Offences
- Infractions assorties de peines minimales obligatoires