Conséquences des une désignation de délinquant à contrôler
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Consequence of LTO Finding
The imposition of an LTO is part of the sentencing process and so incorporates the purposes and principles of sentencing found in s. 718 to 718.2.[1]
Section 753.1 states that:
753.1
[omis (1) and (2)]
- Sentence for long-term offender
(3) If the court finds an offender to be a long-term offender, it shall
- (a) impose a sentence for the offence for which the offender has been convicted, which must be a minimum punishment of imprisonment for a term of two years; and
- (b) order that the offender be subject to long-term supervision for a period that does not exceed 10 years.
[omis (3.1), (4) and (5), and (6)]
1997, c. 17, s. 4; 2002, c. 13, s. 76; 2008, c. 6, s. 44; 2012, c. 1, s. 36; 2014, c. 25, s. 30.
An LTO is a form of conditional release "reserved for an offender who is one step from being sentenced to an indeterminate period of imprisonment."[2]
Under s. 752, instances of the phrase "long-term supervision" refers to "long-term supervision ordered under subsection 753(4), 753.01(5) or (6) or 753.1(3) or subparagraph 759(3)(a)(i)"
Surveillance de longue durée
753.2 (1) Sous réserve du paragraphe (2) [ordonnance de délinquant à contrôler – peine purgée simultanément], le délinquant soumis à une surveillance de longue durée est surveillé au sein de la collectivité en conformité avec la Loi sur le système correctionnel et la mise en liberté sous condition lorsqu’il a terminé de purger :
a) d’une part, la peine imposée pour l’infraction dont il a été déclaré coupable;
b) d’autre part, toutes autres peines d’emprisonnement imposées pour des infractions dont il est déclaré coupable avant ou après la déclaration de culpabilité pour l’infraction visée à l’alinéa a).
Note marginale :Peine purgée concurremment avec la surveillance
(2) Toute peine — autre que carcérale — infligée au délinquant visé au paragraphe (1) [ordonnance de délinquant à contrôler – début après une autre peine] est purgée concurremment avec la surveillance de longue durée.
[omis (3) and (4)]
1997, ch. 17, art. 42008, ch. 6, art. 452012, ch. 1, art. 147 et 160
1997, c. 17, s. 4; 2008, c. 6, s. 45; 2012, c. 1, s. 147.
[annotation(s) ajoutée(s)]
- "Long-term supervision"
- Definitions
752 In this Part [Pt. XXIV – Délinquants dangereux et délinquants à contrôler (art. 752 à 761)],
...
'"long-term supervision" means long-term supervision ordered under subsection 753(4) [peine pour délinquant dangereux], 753.01(5) [peine de détention indéterminée] or (6) [nouvelle surveillance de longue durée] or 753.1(3) [pouvoir de rendre une ordonnance de délinquant à contrôler – ordonnance] or subparagraph 759(3)(a)(i) [disposition de l'appel – OD, OLD ou décision normale]; (surveillance de longue durée)
...
R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 752; 2008, c. 6, ss. 40, 61; 2010, c. 3, s. 8; 2012, c. 1, s. 35; 2014, c. 25, s. 29; 2018, c. 21, s. 25.
[annotation(s) ajoutée(s)]
- ↑
R c KRS, 2004 SKCA 127 (CanLII) (hyperliens fonctionnels en attente) at para 65
- ↑ R c Payne, 2001 CanLII 28422 (ON SC) (hyperliens fonctionnels en attente), par Hill J, au para 125
Order
- Exception to long-term supervision — life sentence
755 (1) The court shall not order that an offender be subject to long-term supervision if they have been sentenced to life imprisonment.
[omis (2)]
R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 755; 1997, c. 17, s. 5; 2008, c. 6, s. 49.
Duration
- Exception to long-term supervision — life sentence
755 [omis (1)]
- Maximum length of long-term supervision
(2) The periods of long-term supervision to which an offender is subject at any particular time must not total more than 10 years.
R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 755; 1997, c. 17, s. 5; 2008, c. 6, s. 49.
The dominant consideration when determining the length of the order is the "protection of society."[1]
The judge should assess:[2]
- the risk of re-offending
- the effectiveness of any possible treatment programs.
- "length and level of supervision necessary to provide the required support "
- structure upon release from imprisonment.
There should also be consideration of the severe consequences of a breach including reincarceration for the unexpired balance of the term.[3]
- ↑
R c Millie, 2022 SKQB 139 (CanLII) (hyperliens fonctionnels en attente), au para 53
R c Key, 2010 SKQB 95 (CanLII) (hyperliens fonctionnels en attente)
R c Payne, 2001 CanLII 28422 (ON SC) (hyperliens fonctionnels en attente), par Hill J, au para 126 ("The protection of society is the dominant consideration in determining the term or duration of the order.")
- ↑
R c KRS, 2004 SKCA 127 (CanLII) (hyperliens fonctionnels en attente) at para 65 ("The fixing of the length of this order requires an assessment of the risk of re‑offending and an assessment of the effectiveness of any possible treatment programs ")
R c Blair, 2002 BCCA 205 (CanLII) (hyperliens fonctionnels en attente)
R c Millie, 2022 SKQB 139 (CanLII) (hyperliens fonctionnels en attente), au para 53 - ↑ KRS, supra at para 65 ("In finding an appropriate length for the supervision order, one must also have regard for the severity of this type of order. Any breach of more than a trifling nature can result in incarceration for the unexpired balance of the term. ")
Materials Forwarded to Correctional Service of Canada
Avertissement du Service correctionnel du Canada
760 Le tribunal qui déclare qu’un délinquant est un délinquant dangereux ou un délinquant à contrôler doit ordonner que soit remise au Service correctionnel du Canada, à titre d’information, avec les notes sténographiques du procès, copie des rapports et témoignages des psychiatres, psychologues, criminologues et autres experts, ainsi que des observations faites par le tribunal, portant sur les motifs de la déclaration.
L.R. (1985), ch. C-46, art. 760; 1997, ch. 17, art. 7
Application to Reduce Duration of LTO
753.2
[omis (1) and (2)]
- Application for reduction in period of long-term supervision
(3) An offender who is required to be supervised, a member of the National Parole Board or, on approval of that Board, the offender’s parole supervisor, as defined in subsection 99(1) of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, may apply to a superior court of criminal jurisdiction for an order reducing the period of long-term supervision or terminating it on the ground that the offender no longer presents a substantial risk of reoffending and thereby being a danger to the community. The onus of proving that ground is on the applicant.
- Notice to Attorney General
(4) The applicant must give notice of an application under subsection (3) [demande de réduction de la période de délinquant à contrôler] to the Attorney General at the time the application is made.
1997, c. 17, s. 4; 2008, c. 6, s. 45; 2012, c. 1, s. 147.
[annotation(s) ajoutée(s)]
In addition, s. 753.4(2) permits a judge sentencing the offender for a new offence while on an LTO order to reduce the length of the order.
- "Danger to the Community"
The meaning of "danger to the community" should be considered in reference to 1) the risk of re-offence and 2) the gravity of the damage in the event of re-offence.[1]
- ↑ R c Knoblauch, 2000 SCC 58 (CanLII), [2000] 2 SCR 780, par Arbour J
Breach of Long Term Offender Order
- Breach of long-term supervision
753.3 (1) An offender who, without reasonable excuse, fails or refuses to comply with long-term supervision is guilty of
- (a) an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than 10 years; or
- (b) an offence punishable on summary conviction.
- Where accused may be tried and punished
(2) An accused who is charged with an offence under subsection (1) [violation d'une ordonnance de surveillance de longue durée] may be tried and punished by any court having jurisdiction to try that offence in the place where the offence is alleged to have been committed or in the place where the accused is found, is arrested or is in custody, but if the place where the accused is found, is arrested or is in custody is outside the province in which the offence is alleged to have been committed, no proceedings in respect of that offence shall be instituted in that place without the consent of the Attorney General of that province.
1997, c. 17, s. 4; 2008, c. 6, s. 46; 2019, c. 25, s. 307.
- New offence
753.4 (1) If an offender who is subject to long-term supervision commits one or more offences under this or any other Act and a court imposes a sentence of imprisonment for the offence or offences, the long-term supervision is interrupted until the offender has finished serving all the sentences, unless the court orders its termination.
- Reduction in term of long-term supervision
(2) A court that imposes a sentence of imprisonment under subsection (1) [surveillance de longue durée suspendue pendant la purge de nouvelles peines] may order a reduction in the length of the period of the offender’s long-term supervision.
1997, c. 17, s. 4; 2008, c. 6, s. 47.