Peines maximales légales
| Ang |
| Cette page a été mise à jour ou révisée de manière substantielle pour la dernière fois January 2020. (Rev. # 3195) |
| n.b.: Cette page est expérimentale. Si vous repérez une grammaire ou un texte anglais clairement incorrect, veuillez m'en informer à [email protected] et je le corrigerai dès que possible. |
- < Détermination de la peine
- < Péines disponibles
General Principles
The maximum available sentence for a given offence will be provided within the provisions defining the offence.
Given the distinction between summary offences and indictable offences, the maximum penalties for summary offences will always be less than indictable.
It is generally stated that the maximum penalty is not simply reserved for the "worst of the worst" offenders.[1] All relevant factors must be considered and should only be considered appropriate where the "offence is of sufficient gravity and the offender displays sufficient blameworthiness."[2]
To impose a maximum sentence it is necessary for the judge to take into account pre-sentence custody otherwise the sentence is effectively beyond the statutory maximum.[3]
- ↑
R c Solowan, 2008 SCC 62 (CanLII), [2008] 3 SCR 309, par Fish J
R c LM, 2008 SCC 31 (CanLII), [2008] 2 SCR 163, par LeBel J - ↑ R c Cheddesingh, 2004 SCC 16 (CanLII), [2004] 1 SCR 433, par McLachlin CJ
- ↑ R c Severight, 2014 ABCA 25 (CanLII), 306 CCC (3d) 197, par curiam
Summary Conviction Penalties
Lorsqu'une infraction est décrite comme punissable par « déclaration de culpabilité sommaire », l'article 787(1) stipule que la peine sera une amende d'au plus 5 000 $ et/ou 2 ans moins un jour d'emprisonnement, sauf indication contraire de l'infraction.
- Peine générale
787 (1) Sauf disposition contraire de la loi, toute personne déclarée coupable d’une infraction punissable sur déclaration de culpabilité par procédure sommaire est passible d’une amende maximale de cinq mille dollars et d’un emprisonnement maximal de deux ans moins un jour, ou de l’une de ces peines.
[omis (2)]
L.R. (1985), ch. C-46, art. 787L.R. (1985), ch. 27 (1er suppl.), art. 1712008, ch. 18, art. 442019, ch. 25, art. 316.
Les autres peines maximales pour infractions sommaires disponibles incluent 18 mois de prison.[1]
Toutefois, en vertu du l'art. 735, lorsque l'accusé est une organisation, le montant de l'amende sur déclaration sommaire de culpabilité passe à 100 000 $.
Lors des élections sommaires pour les infractions hybrides, le tribunal est lié par la fourchette maximale fixée par le parlement. Toutefois, les tribunaux ne devraient pas « augmenter » ou « diminuer » les peines dues aux élections.[2]
On September 19, 2019, s. 787 was amended by 2019, c. 25 to increase the maximum penalty to two years less a day, up from six months. All offences committed prior to September 19, 2019 will likely benefit from the lesser penalty.
- ↑ e.g. art. 253, 264.1
Offences by Penalty - ↑
R c Solowan, 2008 SCC 62 (CanLII), [2008] 3 SCR 309, par Fish J
Indictable Offence Penalties
The maximum for indictable offences will always be specified in the provisions. The code will specify a maximum of 2, 5, 10, 14 years jail or life.
Where the offence does not specify a maximum penalty s. 743 will deem the maximum penalty as 5 years.
- Imprisonment when no other provision
743 Every one who is convicted of an indictable offence for which no punishment is specially provided is liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years.
R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 743; 1992, c. 11, s. 16; 1995, c. 22, s. 6.
The only offence within the Criminal Code that does not specify a maximum penalty is an offence under s. 462.33(11).[1]
Intimate Partner Violence
718.3
[omis (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6) and (7)]
- Maximum penalty — intimate partner
(8) If an accused is convicted of an indictable offence in the commission of which violence was used, threatened or attempted against an intimate partner and the accused has been previously convicted of an offence in the commission of which violence was used, threatened or attempted against an intimate partner, the court may impose a term of imprisonment that is more than the maximum term of imprisonment provided for that offence but not more than
- (a) five years, if the maximum term of imprisonment for the offence is two years or more but less than five years;
- (b) 10 years, if the maximum term of imprisonment for the offence is five years or more but less than 10 years;
- (c) 14 years, if the maximum term of imprisonment for the offence is 10 years or more but less than 14 years; or
- (d) life, if the maximum term of imprisonment for the offence is 14 years or more and up to imprisonment for life.
1995, c. 22, s. 6; 1997, c. 18, s. 141; 2002, c. 1, s. 182; 2015, c. 23, s. 17; 2019, c. 25, s. 294.
This provision was introduced September 19, 2019 and would only apply to those offences committed after that date.