Documents publics et judiciaires

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Documents publics

Législation et règlements

En vertu des articles 19, 20, 21 et 22 de la Loi sur la preuve au Canada, les lois fédérales et provinciales sont admissibles sans preuve. Il n'est pas nécessaire de certifier les documents et toutes les copies sont réputées admissibles, sauf preuve du contraire.

Copies by Queen’s Printer

19. Every copy of any Act of Parliament, public or private, published by the Queen’s Printer, is evidence of that Act and of its contents, and every copy purporting to be published by the Queen’s Printer shall be deemed to be so published, unless the contrary is shown.
R.S., 1985, c. C-5, s. 19; 2000, c. 5, s. 52.

– LPC (CanLII), (Jus.)

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Imperial proclamations, etc.

20. Imperial proclamations, orders in council, treaties, orders, warrants, licences, certificates, rules, regulations or other Imperial official records, Acts or documents may be proved

(a) in the same manner as they may from time to time be provable in any court in England;

(b) by the production of a copy of the Canada Gazette, or a volume of the Acts of Parliament purporting to contain a copy of the same or a notice thereof; or

(c) by the production of a copy of them purporting to be published by the Queen’s Printer.

R.S., 1985, c. C-5, s. 20; 2000, c. 5, s. 53.

– LPC (CanLII), (Jus.)

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Proclamations, etc., of Governor General

21. Evidence of any proclamation, order, regulation or appointment, made or issued by the Governor General or by the Governor in Council, or by or under the authority of any minister or head of any department of the Government of Canada and evidence of a treaty to which Canada is a party, may be given in all or any of the following ways:

(a) by the production of a copy of the Canada Gazette, or a volume of the Acts of Parliament purporting to contain a copy of the treaty, proclamation, order, regulation or appointment, or a notice thereof;

(b) by the production of a copy of the proclamation, order, regulation or appointment, purporting to be published by the Queen’s Printer;

(c) by the production of a copy of the treaty purporting to be published by the Queen’s Printer;

(d) by the production, in the case of any proclamation, order, regulation or appointment made or issued by the Governor General or by the Governor in Council, of a copy or extract purporting to be certified to be true by the clerk or assistant or acting clerk of the Queen’s Privy Council for Canada; and

(e) by the production, in the case of any order, regulation or appointment made or issued by or under the authority of any minister or head of a department of the Government of Canada, of a copy or extract purporting to be certified to be true by the minister, by his deputy or acting deputy, or by the secretary or acting secretary of the department over which he presides.

R.S., 1985, c. C-5, s. 21; 2000, c. 5, s. 54.

– LPC (CanLII), (Jus.)

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Proclamations, etc., of lieutenant governor

22 (1) Evidence of any proclamation, order, regulation or appointment made or issued by a lieutenant governor or lieutenant governor in council of any province, or by or under the authority of any member of the executive council, being the head of any department of the government of the province, may be given in all or any of the following ways:

(a) by the production of a copy of the official gazette for the province purporting to contain a copy of the proclamation, order, regulation or appointment, or a notice thereof;

(b) by the production of a copy of the proclamation, order, regulation or appointment purporting to be published by the government or Queen’s Printer for the province; and

(c) by the production of a copy or extract of the proclamation, order, regulation or appointment purporting to be certified to be true by the clerk or assistant or acting clerk of the executive council, by the head of any department of the government of a province, or by his deputy or acting deputy, as the case may be.

Territories

(2) Evidence of any proclamation, order, regulation or appointment made by the Lieutenant Governor or Lieutenant Governor in Council of the Northwest Territories, as constituted prior to September 1, 1905, or by the Legislature of Yukon, of the Northwest Territories or for Nunavut, may be given by the production of a copy of the Canada Gazette purporting to contain a copy of the proclamation, order, regulation or appointment, or a notice of it.
R.S., 1985, c. C-5, s. 22; 1993, c. 28, s. 78; 2000, c. 5, s. 55; 2002, c. 7, s. 96; 2014, c. 2, s. 5.

– LPC (CanLII), (Jus.)

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Documents officiels du gouvernement

Section 24 states:

Certified copies

24. In every case in which the original record could be admitted in evidence,

(a) a copy of any official or public document of Canada or of any province, purporting to be certified under the hand of the proper officer or person in whose custody the official or public document is placed, or

(b) a copy of a document, by-law, rule, regulation or proceeding, or a copy of any entry in any register or other book of any municipal or other corporation, created by charter or Act of Parliament or the legislature of any province, purporting to be certified under the seal of the corporation, and the hand of the presiding officer, clerk or secretary thereof,

is admissible in evidence without proof of the seal of the corporation, or of the signature or official character of the person or persons appearing to have signed it, and without further proof thereof.
R.S., c. E-10, s. 24.

– LPC (CanLII), (Jus.)

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Les certificats de constitution en société provinciale peuvent être admis en vertu des articles 24 et 37 de la LEC.

Les cartes aéronautiques produites par le gouvernement du Canada sont admissibles sans préavis en raison de leur fiabilité inhérente.

Livres du gouvernement fédéral

Books kept in offices under Government of Canada

26 (1) A copy of any entry in any book kept in any office or department of the Government of Canada, or in any commission, board or other branch in the federal public administration, shall be admitted as evidence of that entry, and of the matters, transactions and accounts therein recorded, if it is proved by the oath or affidavit of an officer of the office or department, commission, board or other branch in the federal public administration that the book was, at the time of the making of the entry, one of the ordinary books kept in the office, department, commission, board or other branch in the federal public administration, that the entry was made in the usual and ordinary course of business of the office, department, commission, board or other branch in the federal public administration and that the copy is a true copy thereof.

Proof of non-issue of licence or document

(2) Where by any Act of Parliament or regulation made under an Act of Parliament provision is made for the issue by a department, commission, board or other branch in the federal public administration of a licence requisite to the doing or having of any act or thing or for the issue of any other document, an affidavit of an officer of the department, commission, board or other branch in the federal public administration, sworn before any commissioner or other person authorized to take affidavits, setting out that he or she has charge of the appropriate records and that after careful examination and search of those records he or she has been unable to find in any given case that any such licence or other document has been issued, shall be admitted in evidence as proof, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, that in that case no licence or other document has been issued.

Proof of mailing departmental matter

(3) Where by any Act of Parliament or regulation made under an Act of Parliament provision is made for sending by mail any request for information, notice or demand by a department or other branch in the federal public administration, an affidavit of an officer of the department or other branch in the federal public administration, sworn before any commissioner or other person authorized to take affidavits, setting out that he or she has charge of the appropriate records, that he or she has a knowledge of the facts in the particular case, that the request, notice or demand was sent by registered letter on a named date to the person or firm to whom it was addressed (indicating that address) and that he or she identifies as exhibits attached to the affidavit the post office certificate of registration of the letter and a true copy of the request, notice or demand, shall, on production and proof of the post office receipt for the delivery of the registered letter to the addressee, be admitted in evidence as proof, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, of the sending and of the request, notice or demand.

Proof of official character

(4) Where proof is offered by affidavit pursuant to this section, it is not necessary to prove the official character of the person making the affidavit if that information is set out in the body of the affidavit.
R.S., 1985, c. C-5, s. 26; 2003, c. 22, s. 104(E).

– LPC (CanLII), (Jus.)

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Documents accessibles au public en vertu de la LCE

L'article 25 concerne l'admissibilité des documents de « nature publique » :

Books and documents

25. Where a book or other document is of so public a nature as to be admissible in evidence on its mere production from the proper custody, and no other Act exists that renders its contents provable by means of a copy, a copy thereof or extract therefrom is admissible in evidence in any court of justice or before a person having, by law or by consent of parties, authority to hear, receive and examine evidence, if it is proved that it is a copy or extract purporting to be certified to be true by the officer to whose custody the original has been entrusted.
R.S., c. E-10, s. 25.

– LPC (CanLII), (Jus.)

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Cela comprend généralement les livres disponibles dans une bibliothèque, les journaux, les impressions de sites Web, les brochures et d'autres documents facilement accessibles au public.

Documents publics en common law

Un document est admissible en common law en tant que document public lorsque les critères suivants sont remplis :

1. le document doit avoir été rédigé par un fonctionnaire public, c'est-à-dire une personne à qui une obligation a été imposée par le public,
2. le fonctionnaire doit avoir rédigé le document dans l'exercice d'une obligation ou d'une fonction publique,
3. le document doit avoir été rédigé dans l'intention de servir de document permanent, et
4. le document doit être disponible pour consultation publique.

Un rapport présentenciel peut être considéré comme un document public en common law.

Documents judiciaires

Procédures judiciaires

En vertu de l'art. 23, les dossiers de procédures judiciaires peuvent être déposés en preuve :

Evidence of judicial proceedings, etc.

23 (1) Evidence of any proceeding or record whatever of, in or before any court in Great Britain, the Supreme Court, the Federal Court of Appeal, the Federal Court or the Tax Court of Canada, any court in a province, any court in a British colony or possession or any court of record of the United States, of a state of the United States or of any other foreign country, or before any justice of the peace or coroner in a province, may be given in any action or proceeding by an exemplification or certified copy of the proceeding or record, purporting to be under the seal of the court or under the hand or seal of the justice, coroner or court stenographer, as the case may be, without any proof of the authenticity of the seal or of the signature of the justice, coroner or court stenographer or other proof whatever.

Certificate where court has no seal

(2) Where any court, justice or coroner or court stenographer referred to in subsection (1) has no seal, or so certifies, the evidence may be given by a copy purporting to be certified under the signature of a judge or presiding provincial court judge or of the justice or coroner or court stenographer, without any proof of the authenticity of the signature or other proof whatever.
R.S., 1985, c. C-5, s. 23; R.S., 1985, c. 27 (1st Supp.), s. 203; 1993, c. 34, s. 15; 1997, c. 18, s. 117; 2002, c. 8, s. 118.

– LPC (CanLII), (Jus.)

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Une transcription judiciaire admissible comme compte rendu d'une procédure judiciaire (ou « document public ») sans préavis en vertu de la common law.

Documents et ordonnances judiciaires

Une ordonnance d'information et de probation qui n'a pas été rendue sous scellés ou signée par un juge du tribunal (donc non admissible en vertu de art. 23 de la LEC concernant les dossiers judiciaires) est admissible en tant que « document public » en vertu de la common law. Pour être admissible, elle doit :

1. être rendue par un fonctionnaire public à qui une fonction publique a été imposée
2. rendue par le fonctionnaire public dans l'exercice d'une fonction ou d'un devoir public

1. destinés à servir de dossier permanent ;
2. étaient accessibles au public pour consultation.

Pour prouver une ordonnance de probation, une copie certifiée originale de l'ordonnance peut être présentée comme pièce sans préavis en common law.. Il en va de même pour prouver une ordonnance de déchéance du droit de conduire.

Le dossier du tribunal sur une question est admissible et doit être reçu par le tribunal s'il est pertinent à l'affaire.

Un juge a le droit d'examiner et de se fier au contenu du dossier du tribunal en présence d'un avocat.

Une cour provinciale et une cour supérieure « ont toutes deux le pouvoir d'examiner leurs propres dossiers et de prendre constat judiciaire de leur contenu. »

Un tribunal peut « comparer l'écriture contestée avec l'écriture admise ou prouvée et agir selon son propre jugement ».

Des annotations peu claires sur un document judiciaire peuvent nécessiter que le greffier du tribunal soit appelé pour expliquer eux.

Les dossiers n’ont pas besoin d’être certifiés.

Ces documents publics peuvent également être admis en vertu de l’exception de principe au ouï-dire.

Lorsque les copies originales d’un mandat de perquisition et d’un rapport au juge ont été déposées avant la fin de la preuve de la Couronne, le juge doit les accepter en vertu de la common law règle.

Avis

Tous les documents et dossiers, qu'ils soient privés ou publics, sont traités conformément à l'art. 28 de la Loi sur la preuve au Canada :

Notice of production of book or document

28 (1) No copy of any book or other document shall be admitted in evidence, under the authority of section 23 [certified judicial documents], 24 [certified govt docs, laws, regs, etc], 25 [certified docs of public nature], 26 [copy of fed govt books with affidavit] or 27 [quebec notarized docs], on any trial, unless the party intending to produce the copy has before the trial given to the party against whom it is intended to be produced reasonable notice of that intention.

Not less than 7 days

(2) The reasonableness of the notice referred to in subsection (1) shall be determined by the court, judge or other person presiding, but the notice shall not in any case be less than seven days.
R.S., c. E-10, s. 28.
[annotation(s) ajoutée(s)]

– LPC (CanLII), (Jus.)

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L'article 28 exige qu'un avis soit donné pour les documents qui s'appuient sur :

• l'art. 23 : document certifié ou exemplaire d'une procédure judiciaire ;
• l'art. 24 : copies certifiées conformes de documents provinciaux ou fédéraux, de règlements, etc.
• l'art. 25 : copie certifiée (ou authentifiée) d'un document de « nature publique » ;
• l'art. 26 : copie de livres du gouvernement fédéral avec affidavit est. de fiabilité ; et
• l'art. 27 : documents notariés du Québec.

Bien que les documents gouvernementaux soient admissibles en vertu de l'art. 24, l'art. 28 exige toujours qu'il y ait un « avis d'au moins 7 jours » pour leur admission. Cependant, un avis tardif de production de documents n'est pas nécessairement fatal.

Un avis doit être donné à l'accusé de son intention d'admettre l'engagement en vertu des art. 23, 28. L'avis doit inclure des renseignements sur l'infraction spécifiée, le lieu de l'infraction et l'accusé.

Exemplification des documents judiciaires

En common law, les documents judiciaires, y compris les ordonnances judiciaires, sont admissibles sans préavis lorsque le document judiciaire est un original ou une photocopie sous scellés. Le tribunal conserve toutefois le pouvoir discrétionnaire d'exclure le dossier lorsque son admission serait injuste. Cela a été considéré comme possible en vertu de l'exception du ouï-dire pour les documents publics et les procédures judiciaires. Cependant, il a été dit que le tribunal conserve toujours le pouvoir discrétionnaire d'exclure ces documents lorsque la défense est lésée par l'absence d'avis.

Les copies types sont des photocopies de documents judiciaires officiels portant le sceau officiel du tribunal. Elles ne peuvent s'appliquer à aucun document non généré par le tribunal et joint au dossier du tribunal. L'article 28 ne s'applique pas aux documents types.

Une copie ordinaire du document est tout ce qui est nécessaire pour se conformer à l'article 28 de la LEC. Il n'est pas nécessaire que la copie soit certifiée conforme.

Cette règle s'applique aux ordonnances judiciaires, y compris les engagements.

Documents de police

Avis en vertu de l'art. 258 (abrogé le 13 décembre 2018)

L'avis d'intention de produire un certificat d'analyse nécessite un avis. Lorsqu'il s'agit d'un certificat pour un test d'alcootest, l'article 258(7) s'applique :

258
[omis (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) and (6)]

Notice of intention to produce certificate

(7) No certificate shall be received in evidence pursuant to paragraph (1)(e), (f), (g), (h) or (i) unless the party intending to produce it has, before the trial, given to the other party reasonable notice of his intention and a copy of the certificate.
R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 258; R.S., 1985, c. 27 (1st Supp.), s. 36, c. 32 (4th Supp.), s. 61; 1992, c. 1, s. 60(F); 1994, c. 44, s. 14(E); 1997, c. 18, s. 10; 2008, c. 6, s. 24.

– CCC (CanLII), (Jus.)

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Cela exige que la Couronne prouve que la signification a été faite, qu’elle a été faite dans un délai raisonnable et que l’avis communiquait l’intention de produire les documents au procès.

Lorsqu'un avis de production d'un certificat d'analyse est signifié à un accusé, il existe une présomption réfutable que la personne a compris l'avis.

Calcul des délais de préavis

• Business Records (7 jours) : Calculateur d'heure et de date - pour calculer la date d'échéance, saisissez la date « de sa production » et soustrayez 8 jours pour garantir un préavis de 7 jours « francs ».

NB : ce délai est soumis à la « règle des jours fériés » qui déplace la date au prochain jour non férié (voir art. 26 de la Loi d'interprétation)

Documents publics étrangers

La partie III de la Loi sur la preuve stipule :

Application of this Part

52. This Part extends to the following classes of persons:

(a) officers of any of Her Majesty’s diplomatic or consular services while performing their functions in any foreign country, including ambassadors, envoys, ministers, charges d’affaires, counsellors, secretaries, attaches, consuls general, consuls, vice-consuls, pro-consuls, consular agents, acting consuls general, acting consuls, acting vice-consuls and acting consular agents;

(b) officers of the Canadian diplomatic, consular and representative services while performing their functions in any foreign country or in any part of the Commonwealth and Dependent Territories other than Canada, including, in addition to the diplomatic and consular officers mentioned in paragraph (a), high commissioners, permanent delegates, acting high commissioners, acting permanent delegates, counsellors and secretaries;

(c) Canadian Government Trade Commissioners and Assistant Canadian Government Trade Commissioners while performing their functions in any foreign country or in any part of the Commonwealth and Dependent Territories other than Canada;

(d) honorary consular officers of Canada while performing their functions in any foreign country or in any part of the Commonwealth and Dependent Territories other than Canada;

(e) judicial officials in a foreign country in respect of oaths, affidavits, solemn affirmations, declarations or similar documents that the official is authorized to administer, take or receive; and

(f) persons locally engaged and designated by the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs or any other person authorized by that Deputy Minister while performing their functions in any foreign country or in any part of the Commonwealth and Dependent Territories other than Canada.

R.S., 1985, c. C-5, s. 52; 1994, c. 44, s. 92; 1997, c. 18, s. 118.

– LPC (CanLII), (Jus.)

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Oaths and Solemn Affirmations

Oaths taken abroad

53. Oaths, affidavits, solemn affirmations or declarations administered, taken or received outside Canada by any person mentioned in section 52 are as valid and effectual and are of the like force and effect to all intents and purposes as if they had been administered, taken or received in Canada by a person authorized to administer, take or receive oaths, affidavits, solemn affirmations or declarations therein that are valid and effectual under this Act.
R.S., c. E-10, s. 50.

– LPC (CanLII), (Jus.)

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Documentary Evidence

Documents to be admitted in evidence

54 (1) Any document that purports to have affixed, impressed or subscribed on it or to it the signature of any person authorized by any of paragraphs 52(a) to (d) to administer, take or receive oaths, affidavits, solemn affirmations or declarations, together with their seal or with the seal or stamp of their office, or the office to which the person is attached, in testimony of any oath, affidavit, solemn affirmation or declaration being administered, taken or received by the person, shall be admitted in evidence, without proof of the seal or stamp or of the person’s signature or official character.

Status of statements

(2) An affidavit, solemn affirmation, declaration or other similar statement taken or received in a foreign country by an official referred to in paragraph 52(e) shall be admitted in evidence without proof of the signature or official character of the official appearing to have signed the affidavit, solemn affirmation, declaration or other statement.
R.S., 1985, c. C-5, s. 54; 1994, c. 44, s. 93.

– LPC (CanLII), (Jus.)

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