Confiscation d'armes et d'armes à feu

Cette page a été mise à jour ou révisée de manière substantielle pour la dernière fois janvier 2015. (Rev. # 13308)

Principes généraux

Lorsqu'une arme à feu est saisie et détenue en vertu des paragraphes 490(1) à (3), le processus de confiscation serait alors celui de conformément au paragraphe 490(9). Alternativement, elle pourrait être confisquée en tant que biens infractionnels.

Confiscation des armes infractionnelles

L'article 491 exige la confiscation des armes :

Forfeiture of weapons and ammunition

491 (1) Subject to subsection (2) [return of weapons, etc. that were seized], where it is determined by a court that

(a) a weapon, an imitation firearm, a prohibited device, any ammunition, any prohibited ammunition or an explosive substance was used in the commission of an offence and that thing has been seized and detained, or

(b) that a person has committed an offence that involves, or the subject-matter of which is, a firearm, a cross-bow, a prohibited weapon, a restricted weapon, a prohibited device, ammunition, prohibited ammunition or an explosive substance and any such thing has been seized and detained,

the thing so seized and detained is forfeited to Her Majesty and shall be disposed of as the Attorney General directs.

Return to lawful owner

(2) If the court by which a determination referred to in subsection (1) [forfeiture of weapons, etc. that were seized] is made is satisfied that the lawful owner of any thing that is or may be forfeited to Her Majesty under subsection (1) [forfeiture of weapons, etc. that were seized] was not a party to the offence and had no reasonable grounds to believe that the thing would or might be used in the commission of an offence, the court shall order that the thing be returned to that lawful owner, that the proceeds of any sale of the thing be paid to that lawful owner or, if the thing was destroyed, that an amount equal to the value of the thing be paid to the owner.

Application of proceeds

(3) Where any thing in respect of which this section applies is sold, the proceeds of the sale shall be paid to the Attorney General or, where an order is made under subsection (2) [return of weapons, etc. that were seized], to the person who was, immediately prior to the sale, the lawful owner of the thing.
R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 491; 1991, c. 40, s. 30; 1995, c. 39, s. 152.
[annotation(s) ajoutée(s)]

– CCC (CanLII), (Jus.)

Note: 491 (1), (2) et (3)

En vertu du paragraphe 491(1), le tribunal ordonne la confiscation d'armes ou de munitions lorsqu'il est déterminé que :

une arme a été utilisée pour commettre une infraction et que l'arme a été saisie par la police, ou
une infraction est en cause ou l'objet est une arme à feu, une arbalète, une arme prohibée, une arme à autorisation restreinte, un dispositif prohibé, des munitions, des munitions prohibées ou une substance explosive et qu'elle a été saisie

Si tel est le cas, l'objet saisi doit être « confisqué au profit de Sa Majesté et il en sera disposé conformément aux instructions du procureur général ».

Examen en appel

L'ordonnance rendue en vertu de l'art. 491 est une forme de « punition » et est donc susceptible d'appel avec autorisation en vertu de l'art. 675(1)(b).^[1]

Historique

En décembre 1998, l'art. 491(1) a été modifié pour étendre l'application de l'ordonnance de confiscation obligatoire aux armes à feu qui font l'objet de l'infraction, qu'elles aient été utilisées ou non lors de l'infraction. L'objectif était de s'attaquer au problème de la circulation d'armes illégales dans le public ainsi qu'à ceux qui détiennent des armes légalement.^[2]

By changing the law, Parliament meant to expand the scope of mandatory forfiteure orders.^[3]

The Queen v Montague, 2012 ONSC 2300 (CanLII), 101 WCB (2d) 466, par J De Wright J

↑ R c Montague, 2014 ONCA 439 (CanLII), 120 OR (3d) 401, par Feldman J
↑ , ibid., au para 52
See R c Roberts, 2005 SKPC 88 (CanLII), 199 CCC (3d) 442, par Tucker J, au para 16 (" plain reading of section 491 as it presently reads indicates that the basis for a mandatory forfeiture order has been expanded substantially since the cases of Pawlivsky, Annas, and Parsons were decided. The item involved is no longer just referred to as a “weapon” but now specifically includes, inter alia, a firearm. The mandatory order is no longer based upon the “use” of the weapon...")
↑ , ibid., au para 17 ("The intention of Parliament was clearly to expand mandatory forfeiture orders to include situations and items which were not covered by the previous ambit of section 491.")

Confiscation dans l'« intérêt de la sécurité » des personnes

Saisie et confiscation d'armes à feu pour la sécurité publique

Voir également

Saisie d'armes à feu
Confiscation en vertu de l'article 115 pour violation d'une ordonnance 109 ou 110
Précédent - Confiscation et escroquerie

[1] R c Montague, 2014 ONCA 439 (CanLII), 120 OR (3d) 401, par Feldman J

[2] , ibid., au para 52
See R c Roberts, 2005 SKPC 88 (CanLII), 199 CCC (3d) 442, par Tucker J, au para 16 (" plain reading of section 491 as it presently reads indicates that the basis for a mandatory forfeiture order has been expanded substantially since the cases of Pawlivsky, Annas, and Parsons were decided. The item involved is no longer just referred to as a “weapon” but now specifically includes, inter alia, a firearm. The mandatory order is no longer based upon the “use” of the weapon...")

[3] , ibid., au para 17 ("The intention of Parliament was clearly to expand mandatory forfeiture orders to include situations and items which were not covered by the previous ambit of section 491.")

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