« Arrestation par un citoyen » : différence entre les versions

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{{Currency2|January|2015}}
{{LevelZero}}{{HeaderArrest}}
==General Principles==
{{seealso|Warrantless Arrests}}
{{quotation2|
; Arrest without warrant by any person
494 (1) Any one may arrest without warrant
:(a) a person whom he finds committing an indictable offence; or
:(b) a person who, on reasonable grounds, he believes
::(i) has committed a criminal offence, and
::(ii) is escaping from and freshly pursued by persons who have lawful authority to arrest that person.
; Arrest by owner, etc., of property
(2) The owner or a person in lawful possession of property, or a person authorized by the owner or by a person in lawful possession of property, may arrest a person without a warrant if they find them committing a criminal offence on or in relation to that property and
:(a) they make the arrest at that time; or
:(b) they make the arrest within a reasonable time after the offence is committed and they believe on reasonable grounds that it is not feasible in the circumstances for a peace officer to make the arrest.
; Delivery to peace officer
(3) Any one other than a peace officer who arrests a person without warrant shall forthwith deliver the person to a peace officer.
<br>
; For greater certainty
(4) For greater certainty, a person who is authorized to make an arrest under this section is a person who is authorized by law to do so for the purposes of section 25 {{AnnSec0|25}}.
<br>
R.S., {{LegHistory80s|1985, c. C-46}}, s. 494;
{{LegHistory10s|2012, c. 9}}, s. 3.{{Annotation}}
|{{CCCSec2|494}}
|{{NoteUp|494|1|2|3|4}}
}}
"Finds committing" requires that the arresting person discover the suspect "in the very act of committing an offence."<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Abel & Corbett|1vn0r|2008 BCCA 54 (CanLII)|229 CCC (3d) 465}}{{perBCCA|Frankel JA}}{{atL|1vn0r|31}}<br>
</ref>
; "indictable offences"
Any reference to "indictable offences" in s. 494 include hybrid offences.<Ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Huff|fp56d|1979 ABCA 234 (CanLII)|50 CCC (2d) 324}}{{perABCA|Laycraft JA}}
</ref>
; "forthwith"
The meaning of "forthwith" in the Criminal Code means "as soon as is reasonably practiable under all the circumstances."<ref>
{{CanLIIR-N|Cunningham| (1979), 49 CCC (2d) 390}}<br>
see [[Forthwith Under Section 254]]
</ref>
; Constitutionality
An arrest by a private citizen will still enable the accused's Charter rights as the person is exercising a government function.<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Lerke|1nnwz|1986 ABCA 15 (CanLII)| CR (3d) 324, 24 CCC (3d) 129}}{{perABCA|Laycraft CJ}}<br>
{{CanLIIRP|McCowan|fkdz2|2011 ABPC 79 (CanLII)|509 AR 202}}{{perABPC|Fradsham J}}<br>
</ref>
'''Contra''': Where the actions of a private citizens are not at the direction of the state, the Charter does not apply to the conduct of persons operating under s. 494.<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Skeir|1kxs2|2005 NSCA 86 (CanLII)|196 CCC (3d) 353}}{{perNSCA|Fichaud JA}}<br>
{{CanLIIRP|Buhay|1g6p7|2003 SCC 30 (CanLII)|[2003] 1 SCR 631}}{{perSCC-H|Arbour J}}
</ref>
{{reflist|2}}

Version du 20 juin 2024 à 22:41

Ang

Fr

Cette page a été mise à jour ou révisée de manière substantielle pour la dernière fois January 2015. (Rev. # 2314)

General Principles

Voir également: Warrantless Arrests
Arrest without warrant by any person

494 (1) Any one may arrest without warrant

(a) a person whom he finds committing an indictable offence; or
(b) a person who, on reasonable grounds, he believes
(i) has committed a criminal offence, and
(ii) is escaping from and freshly pursued by persons who have lawful authority to arrest that person.
Arrest by owner, etc., of property

(2) The owner or a person in lawful possession of property, or a person authorized by the owner or by a person in lawful possession of property, may arrest a person without a warrant if they find them committing a criminal offence on or in relation to that property and

(a) they make the arrest at that time; or
(b) they make the arrest within a reasonable time after the offence is committed and they believe on reasonable grounds that it is not feasible in the circumstances for a peace officer to make the arrest.
Delivery to peace officer

(3) Any one other than a peace officer who arrests a person without warrant shall forthwith deliver the person to a peace officer.

For greater certainty

(4) For greater certainty, a person who is authorized to make an arrest under this section is a person who is authorized by law to do so for the purposes of section 25 [protection of persons acting under authority].
R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 494; 2012, c. 9, s. 3.
[annotation(s) ajoutée(s)]

– CCC (CanLII), (Jus.)

Note: 494(1), (2), (3), et (4)

"Finds committing" requires that the arresting person discover the suspect "in the very act of committing an offence."[1]

"indictable offences"

Any reference to "indictable offences" in s. 494 include hybrid offences.[2]

"forthwith"

The meaning of "forthwith" in the Criminal Code means "as soon as is reasonably practiable under all the circumstances."[3]

Constitutionality

An arrest by a private citizen will still enable the accused's Charter rights as the person is exercising a government function.[4]

Contra: Where the actions of a private citizens are not at the direction of the state, the Charter does not apply to the conduct of persons operating under s. 494.[5]

  1. ↑ R c Abel & Corbett, 2008 BCCA 54 (CanLII), 229 CCC (3d) 465, par Frankel JA, au para 31
  2. ↑ R c Huff, 1979 ABCA 234 (CanLII), 50 CCC (2d) 324, per Laycraft JA
  3. ↑ R c Cunningham (1979), 49 CCC (2d) 390(*pas de liens CanLII)
    see Forthwith Under Section 254
  4. ↑ R c Lerke, 1986 ABCA 15 (CanLII), CR (3d) 324, 24 CCC (3d) 129, per Laycraft CJ
    R c McCowan, 2011 ABPC 79 (CanLII), 509 AR 202, par Fradsham J
  5. ↑ R c Skeir, 2005 NSCA 86 (CanLII), 196 CCC (3d) 353, per Fichaud JA
    R c Buhay, 2003 SCC 30 (CanLII), [2003] 1 SCR 631, par Arbour J
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