Procédure d'arrestation

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Cette page a été mise à jour ou révisée de manière substantielle pour la dernière fois January 2019. (Rev. # 6191)

• < Procédure et pratique
• < Arrestation et détention

Introduction

At the time of arrest, an officer must typically inform the accused of the following and confirm that they understand:

1. inform of reason for arrest
2. Charter of Rights caution / Right to Silence
3. right to speak to a lawyer
4. access to legal aid
5. secondary police cautions

Validity of Arrest

An arrest consists of two elements:

1. the actual seizure or touching of a person's body with a view towards his detention or
2. the pronouncing of "words of arrest" to a person who submits to the arresting officer.

An arrest will only be lawful if:

1. police have a subjective belief that there are reasonable and probable grounds to arrest the accused.
2. the grounds must be objectively justifiable

Previously an arrest would no longer be considered valid if the accused was ultimately acquitted of the charges. Now the consideration is only on what is apparent to the officer at the time of arrest.

Where the officer is honestly mistaken as the existence of a law that does not exist, it cannot be objectively justifiable.

Identification

Once a person is lawfully arrested they have an obligation to identify themselves. Failure to do so may result in an offence of obstruction.

Notice Upon Arrest

Obligation de la personne qui opère une arrestation

29 (1) Quiconque exécute un acte judiciaire ou un mandat est tenu de l’avoir sur soi, si la chose est possible, et de le produire lorsque demande lui en est faite.

Avis

(2) Quiconque arrête une personne avec ou sans mandat est tenu de donner à cette personne, si la chose est possible, avis :

a) soit de l’acte judiciaire ou du mandat aux termes duquel il opère l’arrestation;

b) soit du motif de l’arrestation.

Inobservation

(3) L’omission de se conformer aux paragraphes (1) [duty of person arresting – possession of copy] ou (2) [duty of person arresting – notice] ne prive pas, d’elle-même, une personne qui exécute un acte judiciaire ou un mandat, ou une personne qui opère une arrestation, ou celles qui lui prêtent main-forte, de la protection contre la responsabilité pénale.

S.R., ch. C-34, art. 29
[annotation(s) ajoutée(s)]

– CCC (CanLII), (Jus.)

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Use of Force

It has been suggested that there is a constitutional obligation for police to make a "contemporaneous complete record of the circumstances of, and reasons for, their use of force during an arrest."

Topics

• Alternatives to Charging
  • Extrajudicial Measures for Young Offenders
• Warrantless Arrests and Warrant Arrests
  • Reasonable and Probable Grounds to Arrest
• Right to be Informed of Reasons for Arrest or Detention (s. 10(a))
• Right to Counsel (s. 10(b))
• Right of Youth to Notify Parents
• Right Against Self-Crimination
• Voluntariness
• Taking Photographs and Fingerprints of Accused Persons
• Initial Post-Charge Detention
  • Duty to Deliver Detainee to a Justice Without Unreasonable Delay
• Release
  • Release by Police on Undertaking
  • Judicial Interim Release
• Acting in Authority - Immunity for Use of Force