« Procédure d'arrestation » : différence entre les versions

De Le carnet de droit pénal
Modification suivante →
VisuelWikicode
Page créée avec « {{en|Arrest_Procedure}} »
 
Aucun résumé des modifications
Ligne 1 : Ligne 1 :
{{en|Arrest_Procedure}}
{{en|Arrest_Procedure}}
{{Fr|Procédure_d%27arrestation}}
{{Currency2|January|2019}}
{{LevelZero}}
{{HeaderArrest}}
==Introduction==
At the time of arrest, an officer must typically inform the accused of the following and confirm that they understand:
# inform of reason for arrest
# Charter of Rights caution / Right to Silence
# right to speak to a lawyer
# access to legal aid
# secondary police cautions
===Validity of Arrest===
An arrest consists of two elements:<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Whitfield|1tvvl|1969 CanLII 4 (SCC)|[1970] SCR 46}}{{perSCC|Judson J}}<br>
{{CanLIIRx|Lo|1f4dr|1997 CanLII 1908 (BC SC)}}{{perBCSC|Romilly J}}{{atsL|1f4dr|6| to 10}}<br>
{{CanLIIRP|Latimer|1fr3w|1997 CanLII 405 (SCC)|112 CCC (3d) 193}}{{perSCC|Lamer CJ}}{{atsL|1fr3w|24| to 5}}<br>
{{CanLIIRP|Biron|1mzj8|1975 CanLII 13 (SCC)|[1976] 2 SCR 56}}<br>
</ref>
# the actual seizure or touching of a person's body with a view towards his detention ''<u>or</u>''
# the pronouncing of "words of arrest" to a person who submits to the arresting officer.
An arrest will only be lawful if:<ref>
{{supra1|Lo}}{{atsL|1f4dr|6| to 10}}<br>
See also {{CanLIIRP|Storrey|1fsxl|1990 CanLII 125 (SCC)|53 CCC (3d) 316}}{{perSCC|Cory J}}{{atps|322-4}} (SCC)<br>
{{CanLIIRP|Grant|24kwz|2009 SCC 32 (CanLII)|[2009] 2 SCR 353}}{{perSCC-H|McLachlin CJ and Charron J}}{{atsL|24kwz|54| to 56}}<br>
</ref>
# police have a subjective belief that there are reasonable and probable grounds to arrest the accused. 
# the grounds must be objectively justifiable
Previously an arrest would no longer be considered valid if the accused was ultimately acquitted of the charges. Now the consideration is only on what is apparent to the officer at the time of arrest.<ref>
{{supra1|Biron}}
</ref>
Where the officer is honestly mistaken as the existence of a law that does not exist, it cannot be objectively justifiable.<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Houle|2djrg|1985 ABCA 275 (CanLII)|24 CCC (3d) 57}}{{perSCC-H|Stevenson JA}}
</ref>
{{reflist|2}}
===Identification===
Once a person is lawfully arrested they have an obligation to identify themselves.<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Pauli|g8ntl|2014 SKQB 246 (CanLII)|2 WWR 402}}{{perSKQB|Dawson J}}
</ref>
Failure to do so may result in an offence of obstruction.<ref>
e.g. {{ibid1|Pauli}}
</ref>
{{reflist|2}}
===Notice Upon Arrest===
{{quotation2|
; Duty of person arresting
29 (1) It is the duty of every one who executes a process or warrant to have it with him, where it is feasible to do so, and to produce it when requested to do so.
<br>
; Notice
(2) It is the duty of every one who arrests a person, whether with or without a warrant, to give notice to that person, where it is feasible to do so, of
:(a) the process or warrant under which he makes the arrest; or
:(b) the reason for the arrest.
; Failure to comply
(3) Failure to comply with subsection (1) {{AnnSec0|29(1)}} or (2) {{AnnSec0|29(2)}} does not of itself deprive a person who executes a process or warrant, or a person who makes an arrest, or those who assist them, of protection from criminal responsibility.
<br>
R.S., c. C-34, s. 29.
{{Annotation}}
|{{CCCSec2|29}}
|{{NoteUp|29|1|2|3}}
}}
===Use of Force===
{{seealso|Acting in Authority}}
It has been suggested that there is a constitutional obligation for police to make a "contemporaneous complete record of the circumstances of, and reasons for, their use of force during an arrest."<Ref>
{{CanLIIRx|Acheampong|hw4kd|2018 ONCJ 798 (CanLII)}}{{perONCJ|Burstein J}}{{atL|hw4kd|59}}<br>
</ref>
{{reflist|2}}
==Topics==
*Alternatives to Charging
** [[Extrajudicial Measures for Young Offenders]]
* [[Warrantless Arrests]] and [[Warrant Arrests]]
** [[Reasonable and Probable Grounds]] to Arrest
* [[Right to be Informed of Reasons for Arrest or Detention]] (s. 10(a))
* [[Right to Counsel]] (s. 10(b))
* [[Right of Youth to Notify Parents]]
* [[Right Against Self-Crimination]]
* [[Voluntariness]]
* [[Taking Photographs and Fingerprints of Accused Persons]]
* [[Initial Post-Charge Detention]]
** [[Duty to Deliver Detainee to a Justice Without Unreasonable Delay]]
* Release
** [[Release by Police on Undertaking]]
** [[Judicial Interim Release]]
* [[Acting in Authority]] - Immunity for Use of Force

Version du 20 juin 2024 à 22:47

Ang

Fr

Cette page a été mise à jour ou révisée de manière substantielle pour la dernière fois January 2019. (Rev. # 2325)

Introduction

At the time of arrest, an officer must typically inform the accused of the following and confirm that they understand:

  1. inform of reason for arrest
  2. Charter of Rights caution / Right to Silence
  3. right to speak to a lawyer
  4. access to legal aid
  5. secondary police cautions

Validity of Arrest

An arrest consists of two elements:[1]

  1. the actual seizure or touching of a person's body with a view towards his detention or
  2. the pronouncing of "words of arrest" to a person who submits to the arresting officer.

An arrest will only be lawful if:[2]

  1. police have a subjective belief that there are reasonable and probable grounds to arrest the accused.
  2. the grounds must be objectively justifiable

Previously an arrest would no longer be considered valid if the accused was ultimately acquitted of the charges. Now the consideration is only on what is apparent to the officer at the time of arrest.[3]

Where the officer is honestly mistaken as the existence of a law that does not exist, it cannot be objectively justifiable.[4]

  1. ↑ R c Whitfield, 1969 CanLII 4 (SCC), [1970] SCR 46, per Judson J
    R c Lo, 1997 CanLII 1908 (BC SC), par Romilly J, aux paras 6 to 10
    R c Latimer, 1997 CanLII 405 (SCC), 112 CCC (3d) 193, per Lamer CJ, aux paras 24 to 5
    R c Biron, 1975 CanLII 13 (SCC), [1976] 2 SCR 56
  2. ↑ Lo, supra, aux paras 6 to 10
    See also R c Storrey, 1990 CanLII 125 (SCC), 53 CCC (3d) 316, per Cory J, aux pp. 322-4 (SCC)
    R c Grant, 2009 SCC 32 (CanLII), [2009] 2 SCR 353, par McLachlin CJ and Charron J, aux paras 54 to 56
  3. ↑ Biron, supra
  4. ↑ R c Houle, 1985 ABCA 275 (CanLII), 24 CCC (3d) 57, par Stevenson JA

Identification

Once a person is lawfully arrested they have an obligation to identify themselves.[1] Failure to do so may result in an offence of obstruction.[2]

  1. ↑ R c Pauli, 2014 SKQB 246 (CanLII), 2 WWR 402, par Dawson J
  2. ↑ e.g. , ibid.

Notice Upon Arrest

Duty of person arresting

29 (1) It is the duty of every one who executes a process or warrant to have it with him, where it is feasible to do so, and to produce it when requested to do so.

Notice

(2) It is the duty of every one who arrests a person, whether with or without a warrant, to give notice to that person, where it is feasible to do so, of

(a) the process or warrant under which he makes the arrest; or
(b) the reason for the arrest.
Failure to comply

(3) Failure to comply with subsection (1) [duty of person arresting – possession of copy] or (2) [duty of person arresting – notice] does not of itself deprive a person who executes a process or warrant, or a person who makes an arrest, or those who assist them, of protection from criminal responsibility.
R.S., c. C-34, s. 29.
[annotation(s) ajoutée(s)]

– CCC (CanLII), (Jus.)

Note: 29(1), (2) et (3)

Use of Force

Voir également: Acting in Authority

It has been suggested that there is a constitutional obligation for police to make a "contemporaneous complete record of the circumstances of, and reasons for, their use of force during an arrest."[1]

  1. ↑ R c Acheampong, 2018 ONCJ 798 (CanLII), par Burstein J, au para 59

Topics

Récupérée de « https://carnetdroitpenal.ca/fr/index.php?title=Procédure_d%27arrestation&oldid=2325 »