Voir la source de Inceste (infraction)

{{en|Incest_(Offence)}}
{{Currency2|January|2021}}
{{LevelOne}}{{HeaderOffences}}

{{OffenceBox |OffenceTitle=Incest 
|OffencePage=Incest 
|Section=155 
|Act={{OBCCC}} 
|CrownElection={{OBIndictableElection}} 
|Jurisdiction={{OBJurisdictionAll}} 
|Bail={{OBBailJudge}} 
|IndictableDisp={{OBDispMinVar14orLife}} 
|IndictableMin={{OBTime|5 years}} (if under 16 yrs)
|IndictableMax={{OBTime|14 years}} 
}}

==Aperçu==
{{OverviewV|incest}}

; Plaidoiries
{{PleadingsHeader-N}}
{{PleadingsIndictableList-N|s. 155 {{DescrSec|155}} | {{No}} | {{Yes}} | {{Yes-14Years}} }}
{{PleadingsEnd}}

{{PleadingsIndictElection|s. 155 {{DescrSec|155}}}}

; Release
{{ReleaseHeader}}
|s. 155 {{DescrSec|155}} || {{ReleaseProfile-Indictable}} 
|-
{{ReleaseEnd}}

{{ReleaseOptions-Indictable|s. 155 {{DescrSec|155}}}}

:''<u>Renversement du fardeau de la preuve</u>''
{{ReverseOnusCirc}}

:''Empreintes digitales et photos''
{{IDCriminalAct|s. 155 {{DescrSec|155}} }}

; Interdictions de publication
{{486.4PublicationBan|s. 155 {{DescrSec|155}}}}

{{GeneralPubBan}}

; Offence Designations
{{DesignationHeader}}
|-
|s. 155 {{DescrSec|155}} || {{XMark}} <!--wire--> || {{OKMark}} (Primary) <!--DO-->||{{OKMark}} <!--SPIO--> || {{XMark}} <!--consent--> || {{OKMark}} <!--IRPA -->
{{DesignationEnd}}
{{DOPrimaryDesignation|s. 155 {{DescrSec|155}} }}

{{SPIODesignation|A|s. 155 {{DescrSec|155}} }}

{{SeeBelowForAncillary}}

{{reflist|2}}

==Libellé de l'infraction==
{{quotation2|
; Inceste
155 (1) Commet un inceste quiconque, sachant qu’une autre personne est, par les liens du sang, son père ou sa mère, son enfant, son frère, sa soeur, son grand-père, sa grand-mère, son petit-fils ou sa petite-fille, selon le cas, a des rapports sexuels avec cette personne.

;Peine
(2) Quiconque commet un inceste est coupable d’un acte criminel et passible d’un emprisonnement maximal de quatorze ans, la peine minimale étant de cinq ans si l’autre personne est âgée de moins de seize ans.

;Contrainte
(3) Nul ne doit être déclaré coupable d’une infraction au présent article si, au moment où les rapports sexuels ont eu lieu, il a agi par contrainte, violence ou crainte émanant de la personne avec qui il a eu ces rapports sexuels.

{{Removed|(4)}}

L.R. {{LegHistory10s|(1985), ch. C-46}}, art. 155;
L.R. {{LegHistory10s|(1985), ch. 27 (1er suppl.)}}, art. 21;
{{LegHistory10s|2012, ch. 1}}, art. 14
|{{CCCSec2|155}}
|{{NoteUp|155|1|2|3}}
}}

===Draft Form of Charges===
{{seealso|Draft Form of Charges}}
{{DraftHeader}}
|-
| 155(1)
| incest
|"{{ellipsis1}}, did, knowing that [name1] was by blood relationship his or her parent, child, brother, sister, grandparent or grandchild, as the case may be, has sexual intercourse with that person{{ToWit-Conduct}} {{thereby|incest}} {{contrary|155(1)}}."
{{DraftEnd}}

==Proof of the Offence==
{{ElementHeader}}
{{ElementLeft}}

{{Proving|incest|155}}
{{InitialElements}}
# {{box}} the culprit has "sexual intercourse" with a person;
# {{box}} the culprit was aware that the person "is by blood relationship his or her parent, child, brother, sister, grandparent or grandchild"

{{ElementEnd}}

==Interpretation of the Offence==

; Purpose of the Offence
The primary intent of parliament in creating this offence was to "prevent genetic mutations that can result from inbreeding."<ref>
{{CanLIIRx|KH|gmk2k|2015 ONSC 7760 (CanLII)}}{{perONSC|Barnes J}}
</ref>

A secondary purpose for the creation of the offence is the "protection of vulnerable members of the family."<ref>
{{ibid1|KH}} ("The defence argument falls apart when considered in the context of the second legislative intent, which is the protection of vulnerable members of the family")
</ref> 

; "Brother" and "sister"
{{quotation2|
155<br>
{{removed|(1), (2) and (3)}}
; Definition of “brother” and “sister”
(4) In this section, “brother” and “sister”, respectively, include half-brother and half-sister.

R.S., {{LegHistory80s|1985, c. C-46}}, s. 155; R.S., {{LegHistory80s|1985, c. 27 (1st Supp.)}}, s. 21; {{LegHistory10s|2012, c. 1}}, s. 14.
|{{CCCSec2|155}}
|{{NoteUp|155|4}}
}}

{{reflist|2}}
===Sexual Intercourse===
Under s. 4(5), "sexual intercourse is complete on penetration to even the slightest degree, notwithstanding that seed is not emitted."<ref>
R.S., {{LegHistory80s|1985, c. C-46}}, s. 4; R.S., {{LegHistory80s|1985, c. 27 (1st Supp.)}}, s. 3; {{LegHistory90s|1994, c. 44}}, s. 3;  {{LegHistory90s|1997, c. 18}}, s. 2;  {{LegHistory00s|2008, c. 18}}, s. 1; {{LegHistory10s|2014, c. 31}}, s. 2.<br>
see as well use of s. 4(5) in [[Procuring and Living on the Avails of Prostitution (Repealed Offence)]]
</ref> "Sexual intercourse" in this context is not limited to vagina intercourse and can include anal intercourse as well.<ref>
{{CanLIIRx|KH|gmk2k|2015 ONSC 7760 (CanLII)}}{{perONSC| Barnes J}}<br>
</ref>

{{reflist|2}}

===Evidence===
{{Section274to275|s. 155}}
{{Section274Offences}}
{{Section275Offences}}
{{Section276to277|s. 155}}
{{Section276Offences}}
{{Section277Offences}}
<!--
{{Section278Offences}}
-->
{{Section278.2Offences|s. 155}}

{{reflist|2}}

==Participation of Third Parties==
{{seealso|Role of the Victim and Third Parties|Testimonial Aids for Young, Disabled or Vulnerable Witnesses}}

; Complainant Privacy Rights in Sexual Offences
{{CPR-SexOffences}}

; Testimonial Aids
{{3rdPTestimonyAids}}

; On Finding of Guilt
{{VictimHeader}} <!-- Sections / Notice of Agree / Notice of Restitution / Notice of VIS -->
|s. 155 {{DescrSec|155}} || || ||
|-
{{VictimEnd}}
{{606NoticeSPIO|s. 155 {{DescrSec|155}}}}

{{RestitutionNotice}}

{{VISNotice}}

==Sentencing Principles and Ranges==
{{seealsoSentencing}}
{{seealsoSentencingSexual}}

; Maximum Penalties
{{SProfileMaxHeader}}
{{SProfileMax|s. 155 {{DescrSec|155}} | {{NA}} | {{Max14Years}} }}
{{SProfileEnd}}

{{MaxPenaltyIndictment|s. 155 {{DescrSec|155}} |'''{{Max14Years}}'''}}

; Minimum Penalties
{{SProfileMinHeader}}
{{SProfileMin|s. 155 {{DescrSec|155}}<br>Victim Under 16 years | {{NA}} | {{Max5Years}} | Same }}
{{SProfileEnd}}

If the other person is under the age of 16 years, the minimum penalty is '''{{Min5Years}}'''.

; Available Dispositions
{{SProfileAvailHeader}}
|s. 155 {{DescrSec|155}}|| {{NA}} || {{SProfileNoDischargeOrCSO}}
|-
|s. 155 {{DescrSec|155}}<br> Victim Under Age of 16 || {{NA}} || {{SProfileOnlyFedJail}}
|-
{{SProfileEnd}}

{{NoDischargeAvailable|s. 155 {{DescrSec|155}}}}

{{NoCSOAvailable|C|s. 155 {{DescrSec|155}}}}

{{OnlyJailAvailable|s. 155 [when victim under the age of 16]}}

; Consecutive Sentences
{{ConsecutiveSexOffence}}

===Principles===
{{YVictimPrinciple}}

{{reflist|2}}

===Ranges===
{{seealsoRanges|Incest}}

==Ancillary Sentencing Orders==
{{seealso|Ancillary Orders}}
	
; Offence-specific Orders
{{AOrderHeader}}

{{AOrder1| [[DNA Orders]] |s. 155 {{DescrSec|155}}|
* {{PrimDNA1|s. 155}} }}

{{AOrder1| [[SOIRA Orders]] |s. 155 {{DescrSec|155}}| 
* {{SOIRA1|B|s. 155}} }}

{{AOrder1| [[Ordonnances en vertu de l’article 161]] |s. 155 {{DescrSec|155}}|
* {{Section161|s. 155}} }}

{{AOrder1| [[Firearms Prohibition Orders]] |s. 155 {{DescrSec|155}}|
* {{Section110|s. 155}} }}

{{AOrder1| [[Delayed Parole Eligibility|Delayed Parole Order]] |s. 155 {{DescrSec|155}}|
* {{ParoleDelayEligible|1|s. 155}} }}
{{AOrderEnd}}

; Ordonnances générales de détermination de peine{{GeneralSentencingOrders}}

; Ordonnances générales de confiscation{{GeneralForfeitureOrders}}


==Record Suspensions and Pardons== 

{{RecordSuspension|s. 155 {{DescrSec|155}} }}

; Victim Under 18 Years
{{RecordSuspensionNo|s. 155 {{DescrSec|155}} (where victim is under the age of 18)}}

==History==
{{seealso|List of Criminal Code Amendments|Table of Concordance (Criminal Code)}}

* [[History of Incest (Offence)]]

==See Also==
; References
* [[Pre-Trial and Trial Motions Checklist]]

{{OffencesNavBar/Sexual}}