Appel pour erreur judiciaire
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Principes généraux
Under s.686(1)(a)(iii), the defence may appeal a conviction based on a miscarriage of justice:
- Pouvoir
686 (1) Lors de l’audition d’un appel d’une déclaration de culpabilité ou d’un verdict d’inaptitude à subir son procès ou de non-responsabilité criminelle pour cause de troubles mentaux, la cour d’appel :
- a) peut admettre l’appel, si elle est d’avis, selon le cas :
- [omis (i) and (ii)]
(iii) que, pour un motif quelconque, il y a eu erreur judiciaire;
- [omis (b), (c), (d) and (e)]
[omis (2), (3), (4), (5), (5.01), (5.1), (5.2), (6), (7) and (8)]
L.R. (1985), ch. C-46, art. 686L.R. (1985), ch. 27 (1er suppl.), art. 145 et 2031991, ch. 43, art. 91997, ch. 18, art. 981999, ch. 3, art. 52, ch. 5, art. 262015, ch. 3, art. 54(F)2019, ch. 25, art. 282(A)
Une erreur judiciaire peut survenir dans les circonstances suivantes :
- a misapprehension of "significant evidence"[1]
- Sufficiency of Reasons
- improper questioning during cross-examination[2]
- invalid guilty plea[3]
- Ineffective or Incompetent Counsel
- ↑ R c Morrissey, 1995 CanLII 3498 (ON CA), 97 CCC (3d) 193, par Doherty JA
- ↑ R c MFT, 2012 BCCA 428 (CanLII), par Neilson JA, aux paras 38 to 46 - improper cross-examination found but no prejudice arose so appeal failed
- ↑ R c Wiebe, 2012 BCCA 519 (CanLII), 331 BCAC 208, par Ryan JA, au para 22
Trial Irregularities
Trial irregularities may amount to an appealable miscarriage of justice where "the cumulative impact of the irregularities outlined above so disrupted the balance between the rights of the accused and those of the prosecution such that 'a well-informed, reasonable person considering the whole of the circumstances would have perceived the trial as being unfair or as appearing to be so'"[1] The considerations will vary on a case-by-case basis.[2]
- Unforced Errors
When assessing errors of a trial. The reviewing court must take into account the "autonomy of an accused," which "includes suffering the consequences of his own mistakes."[3]
- ↑
R c Spier, 2012 ONCA 798 (CanLII), 293 CCC (3d) 17, par Rouleau JA, aux paras 32 and 85
- ↑
, ibid., au para 32 ("The gravity of the irregularities and the impact of these on trial fairness and the appearance of fairness are to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.)"
- ↑ R c Sauverwald, 2020 ABCA 388 (CanLII), AJ No 1170, par curiam, au para 139
Missing Transcript
Not all instances where portions of the trial transcript will warrant a new trial.[1] Generally, it must be established that there was "a serious possibility that there was an error in the missing portion of the transcript, or that the omission deprived the appellant of a ground of appeal" before a new trial will be ordered.[2]
- ↑
R c Hayes, 1989 CanLII 108 (SCC), [1989] 1 SCR 44, par L'Heureux-Dube J
- ↑
, ibid.
see also R c SR, 1993 CanLII 930 (BC CA), 26 B.C.A.C. 149, par Hollinrake JA, au para 27
R c Noble, 1996 CanLII 8344 (BC CA), 106 CCC (3d) 161, par McEachern JA (2:1), au para 15
R c Dobis, 2002 CanLII 32815 (ON CA), 163 CCC (3d) 259, par MacPherson JA, au para 19(Ont. C.A.)
R c Doucette (C.), 1993 CanLII 5390 (NB CA), , 135 NBR (2d) 151, par Hoyt JA, au para 5(CA)
R c Le (T.D.), 2011 MBCA 83 (CanLII), 275 CCC (3d) 427, par Scott CJ, aux paras 265 to 324
Sufficiency of Reasons
Issues of sufficiency of reasons can arise from an appeal under 686(1)(a) based on error of law, miscarriage of justice, or unreasonable verdict.