Peine pour violence domestique
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General Principles
Section 718.2(a)(ii) provides that “evidence that the offender, in committing the offence, abused the offender’s intimate partner or a member of the victim or the offender’s family...shall be deemed to be an aggravating factor." This can include those who are in a sexual relationship but may not be co-habitating.[1]
A spousal connection between the offender and victim is an aggravating factor at common law.[2]
- Denunciation and Deterrence are Primary
The primary principles are denunciation and general deterrence for domestic violence offences.[3]
Offences of violence that are between ex-partners would not be considered a case of domestic violence.[4]
Courts are not to tolerate domestic violence within the communities.[5]
Custodial sentences are considered the norm where significant bodily harm has been inflicted in a domestic violence situation.[6] This is in part due to courts recognizing that domestic violence is often part of continuous abuse ongoing in the relationship.[7]
The special need for deterrence extends beyond the separation of the partners and the termination of the relationship.[8]
- ↑
R c Wenc, 2009 ABCA 328 (CanLII), AJ No 1075, par curiam (3:0), aux paras 23 to 25
- ↑
R c Doyle, 1991 CanLII 2535 (NSCA), , 108 NSR (2d) 1 (CA), par Hallett JA
R c Brown, 1992 ABCA 132 (CanLII), 13 CR (4th) 346, 73 CCC 242, par curiam
R c Pitkeathly, 1994 CanLII 222 (ON CA), 29 CR (4th) 182, par curiam
R c Jackson, 1996 ABCA 195 (CanLII), 106 CCC (3d) 557, par O'Leary JA (3:0)
R c Edwards, 1996 CanLII 1522 (ON CA), 28 OR (3d) 54, 105 CCC (3d) 21, par Finlayson JA
R c Stone, 1999 CanLII 688 (SCC), [1999] 2 SCR 290, par Bastarache J (5:4)
- ↑
R c McCarthy, 2005 NLCA 36 (CanLII), 198 CCC (3d) 383, par Cameron JA
R c Dodd, 1999 CanLII 18930 (NL CA), 180 Nfld. & PEIR 145, par Marshall JA at 38
R c O'Keefe, (1997), 158 Nfld. & PEIR 138 (NLPC)(*pas de liens CanLII) , au p. 252
R c Rahaman, 2008 ONCA 1 (CanLII), 76 WCB (2d) 138, par Watt JA, au para 46 (The primary objectives in offences of "violence arising out of an existing or failed domestic or romantic relationship" is denunciation and deterrence.)
R c Saghier, 2017 ONSC 227 (CanLII), par Garson J, au para 46
also see R c Dodd, 1999 CanLII 18930 (NLCA), , [1999] NJ No. 262 (Nfld. C.A. and 1999 CanLII 13904 (NL CA), par Marshall JA, aux paras 38 to 39
R c Campbell, 2003 CanLII 48403 (ON CA), 170 OAC 282, par curiam
R c Wishlow, 2013 MBCA 34 (CanLII), 291 Man R (2d) 149, par Steel JA (3:0) ("Domestic violence is a serious problem in our society and the paramount sentencing principle for assaults of this nature should be deterrence and denunciation.")
R c Lausberg, 2013 ABCA 72 (CanLII) (hyperliens fonctionnels en attente), par McDonald JA
R c Prevost, 2019 ABCA 398 (CanLII) (hyperliens fonctionnels en attente), par curiam
R c Cunningham, 2023 ONCA 36 (CanLII) (hyperliens fonctionnels en attente), par Benotto JA, au para 52 ("Thus, the intention of Parliament clearly supports enhanced penalties for perpetrators of domestic violence and denunciation and deterrence as the primary sentencing objectives. It also supports changes in sentencing ranges to reflect societal awareness and knowledge of the damage to society, as well as victims, caused by domestic violence.") - ↑ R c Wesslen, 2015 ABCA 74 (CanLII), 599 AR 159, par curiam (3:0)
- ↑
R c Wilhelm, 2014 ONSC 1637 (CanLII), OJ No 1176, par Hill J, au para 101
R c Menary, 2012 ONCA 706 (CanLII), 298 OAC 108, par curiam, au para 7
- ↑
R c Inwood, 1989 CanLII 263 (ON CA), , [1989] O.J. No. 428 (CA), par Howland CJO
Saghier, supra, au para 46
- ↑ R c Bates, 2000 CanLII 5759 (ON CA), 146 CCC (3d) 321, par Moldaver and Feldman JJA, au para 30
- ↑
R c Lausberg, 2013 ABCA 72 (CanLII), 544 AR 56, par McDonald JA, au para 25
R c Lee, 2004 ABCA 46, par Martin JA, au para 8 ("sentences should reflect the need to deter violence during the period following separation or termination of a relationship")