Le carnet de droit pénal

« Contre-interrogatoires » : différence entre les versions

← Modification précédenteModification suivante →
VisuelWikicode
Ligne 150 : Ligne 150 :
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


==Improper Questioning==
==Interrogatoire inapproprié==


The trial judge has a "duty to prevent pointless, irrelevant cross-examination."<ref>
Le juge du procès a le « devoir d'empêcher tout contre-interrogatoire inutile et non pertinent ».<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Kelly|gjj1s|2015 ABCA 200 (CanLII)|325 CCC (3d) 136}}{{TheCourtABCA}}{{atL|gjj1s|5}}
{{CanLIIRP|Kelly|gjj1s|2015 ABCA 200 (CanLII)|325 CCC (3d) 136}}{{TheCourtABCA}}{{atL|gjj1s|5}}
</ref>
</ref>


Generally, it is improper to do the following during cross examination:<ref>
En général, il est inapproprié de faire ce qui suit lors d'un contre-interrogatoire :<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Lyttle|1gd50|2004 SCC 5 (CanLII)|[2004] 1 SCR 193}}{{perSCC-H|Major and Fish JJ}}{{AtL|1gd50|44}} ("Counsel are bound by the rules of relevancy and barred from resorting to harassment, misrepresentation, repetitiousness or, more generally, from putting questions whose prejudicial effect outweighs their probative value. ")
{{CanLIIRP|Lyttle|1gd50|2004 SCC 5 (CanLII)|[2004] 1 SCR 193}}{{perSCC-H|Major and Fish JJ}}{{AtL|1gd50|44}} ("Counsel are bound by the rules of relevancy and barred from resorting to harassment, misrepresentation, repetitiousness or, more generally, from putting questions whose prejudicial effect outweighs their probative value. ")
</ref>
</ref>
* unduly repeat cross-examination questions<ref>
* répéter indûment les questions du contre-interrogatoire<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Bourassa|gcl2q|1991 CanLII 11734 (QC CA)|67 CCC (3d) 143}}{{perQCCA|Tourigny JA}}<br>  
{{CanLIIRP|Bourassa|gcl2q|1991 CanLII 11734 (QC CA)|67 CCC (3d) 143}}{{perQCCA|Tourigny JA}}<br>
{{CanLIIRP|McLaughlin|g16k6|1974 CanLII 748 (ON CA)|15 CCC (2d) 562}}{{perONCA|Evans JA}}<br>
{{CanLIIRP|McLaughlin|g16k6|1974 CanLII 748 (ON CA)|15 CCC (2d) 562}}{{perONCA|Evans JA}}<br>
</ref>
</ref>
* question solely to harass or embarrass the witness<ref>
* question posée uniquement pour harceler ou embarrasser le témoin<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Logiacco|g9fzh|1984 CanLII 3459 (ON CA)|11 CCC (3d) 374}}{{perONCA|Cory JA}}<br>
{{CanLIIRP|Logiacco|g9fzh|1984 CanLII 3459 (ON CA)|11 CCC (3d) 374}}{{perONCA|Cory JA}}<br> {{CanLIIRP|Bradbury|htxrn|1973 CanLII 1442 (ON CA)|14 CCC (2d) 139 (ONCA)}}{{perONCA|Kelly JA}}<br> {{CanLIIR-N|Mahonin| (1957), 119 CCC 319 (BSCS)}}<br> {{CanLIIR-N|Prince| (1945), 85 CCC 97, [1946] 1 DLR 659}}<br>
{{CanLIIRP|Bradbury|htxrn|1973 CanLII 1442 (ON CA)|14 CCC (2d) 139 (ONCA)}}{{perONCA|Kelly JA}}<br>  
{{CanLIIR-N|Mahonin| (1957), 119 CCC 319 (BSCS)}}<br>
{{CanLIIR-N|Prince| (1945), 85 CCC 97, [1946] 1 DLR 659}}<br>
</ref>
</ref>
* intentionally insult or abuse a witness<ref>  
* insulter ou maltraiter intentionnellement un témoin<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Ma|gd6xf|1978 CanLII 2405 (BC CA)|Ho and Lai (1978), 44 CCC (2d) 537}}{{perBCCA|Bull JA}}<br>
{{CanLIIRP|Ma|gd6xf|1978 CanLII 2405 (BC CA)|Ho et Lai (1978), 44 CCC (2d) 537}}{{perBCCA|Bull JA}}<br>
{{supra1|McLaughlin}}
{{supra1|McLaughlin}}
</ref>
</ref>
* ask a question to elicit evidence that is not admissible <ref>  
* poser une question pour obtenir une preuve qui n'est pas admissible <ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Howard|1ft53|1989 CanLII 99 (SCC)|[1989] 1 SCR 1337, 48 CCC (3d) 38 at 46 (SCC)}}{{perSCC|Lamer J}} ("It is not open to the examiner or cross-examiner to put as a fact, or even a hypothetical fact, which is not and will not become part of the case as admissible evidence.")
{{CanLIIRP|Howard|1ft53|1989 CanLII 99 (SCC)|[1989] 1 SCR 1337, 48 CCC (3d) 38 at 46 (SCC)}}{{perSCC|Lamer J}} ("It is not open to the examiner or cross-examiner to put as a fact, or even a hypothetical fact, which is not and will not become part of the case as admissible evidence.")
</ref>
</ref>
* ask questions that elicit privileged information<ref>  
* poser des questions qui suscitent des renseignements privilégiés<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|AJR|6k8c|1994 CanLII 3447 (ON CA)|94 CCC (3d) 168}}{{perONCA-H|Doherty JA}}
{{CanLIIRP|AJR|6k8c|1994 CanLII 3447 (ON CA)|94 CCC (3d) 168}}{{perONCA-H|Doherty JA}}
</ref>
</ref>
* aggressive questioning that crosses the line to abusive<ref>
* poser des questions agressives qui franchissent la ligne de l'abus<ref>
{{ibid1|AJR}}{{atp|176}}<br>
{{ibid1|AJR}}{{atp|176}}<br>
{{CanLIIRP|Brown & Murphy|2f0m0|1982 ABCA 292 (CanLII)|1 CCC (3d) 107}}{{perABCA|McClung JA}} (2:1) affd {{CanLII|1ftwp|1985 CanLII 3}} (SCC), [1985] 2 SCR 273, [1985] SCJ No. 57<br></ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Brown & Murphy|2f0m0|1982 ABCA 292 (CanLII)|1 CCC (3d) 107}}{{perABCA|McClung JA}} (2:1) affd {{CanLII|1ftwp|1985 CanLII 3}} (SCC), [1985] 2 SCR 273, [1985] SCJ No. 57<br></ref>
* ask the accused why the complainant would make up the accusation<ref>
* demander à l'accusé pourquoi le plaignant inventerait l'accusation<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|De Francesia|6jw4|1995 CanLII 1609 (ON CA)|104 CCC (3d) 189}}{{TheCourt}}{{atp|193-194}}</ref>
{{CanLIIRP|De Francesia|6jw4|1995 CanLII 1609 (ON CA)|104 CCC (3d) 189}}{{TheCourt}}{{atp|193-194}}</ref>
* ask a witness whether any another witness is lying<ref>
* demander à un témoin si un autre témoin ment<ref>
{{supra1|Brown & Murphy}}
{{supra1|Brown & Murphy}}


</ref>
</ref>
* ask compound questions<ref>
* poser des questions composées<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Gallie|gj1fx|2015 NSCA 50 (CanLII)|324 CCC (3d) 333}}{{perNSCA|Fichaud JA}}
{{CanLIIRP|Gallie|gj1fx|2015 NSCA 50 (CanLII)|324 CCC (3d) 333}}{{perNSCA|Fichaud JA}}
</ref>
</ref>
* any question where the "prejudicial effect outweighs their probative value."<Ref>
* toute question où « l'effet préjudiciable l'emporte sur leur valeur probante valeur."<Ref>
{{supra1|Lyttle}}{{atL|1gd50|44}}
{{supra1|Lyttle}}{{atL|1gd50|44}}
</ref>
</ref>
* any question the examiner knows that the witness cannot answer.<REf>
* toute question dont l'examinateur sait que le témoin ne peut pas répondre.<REf>
Loughead v. Collingwood (1908), 16 O.L.R. 64<Br>
Loughead v. Collingwood (1908), 16 O.L.R. 64<Br>
{{CanLIIRPC|Hyndmann v Stephens|j0p9h|1909 CanLII 293 (MB CA)|19 Man R 187}}
{{CanLIIRPC|Hyndmann v Stephens|j0p9h|1909 CanLII 293 (MB CA)|19 Man R 187}}
</ref>
</ref>
* a question that has no purpose other than to elicit hearsay.<Ref>
* une question qui n'a d'autre but que de susciter des ouï-dire.<Ref>
{{supra1|Bradbury}}
{{supra1|Bradbury}}
</ref>
</ref>


; Abusive Questioning
; Interrogatoire abusif
Cross-examination will enter into the realm of abusive when the examination focuses on aspects such as the witnesses general lifestyle, dress and history fulfilling fiscal responsibilities.<ref>
Le contre-interrogatoire entre dans le domaine de l'abusif lorsque l'interrogatoire porte sur des aspects tels que le mode de vie général du témoin, sa tenue vestimentaire et ses antécédents, l'accomplissement de ses responsabilités financières.<ref>
e.g. see {{CanLIIRP|Rose|1fbr4|2001 CanLII 24079 (ON CA)|153 CCC (3d) 225}}{{perONCA|Charron JA}}
p. ex., voir {{CanLIIRP|Rose|1fbr4|2001 CanLII 24079 (ON CA)|153 CCC (3d) 225}}{{perONCA|Charron JA}}
</ref>
</ref>


There should be no attempts to take "random shots at a reputation imprudently exposes" or asking "groundless questions to waft an unwarranted innuendo" to the trier-of-fact.<ref>
Il ne faut pas tenter de « tirer au hasard sur une réputation imprudemment exposée » ou de poser « des questions sans fondement pour faire circuler une insinuation injustifiée » au juge des faits.<ref>
{{supra|Lyttle}}{{atL|1gd50|51}} (" A trial judge must balance the rights of an accused to receive a fair trial with the need to prevent unethical cross-examination.  There will thus be instances where a trial judge will want to ensure that counsel is not merely taking a random shot at a reputation imprudently exposed or asking a groundless question to waft an unwarranted innuendo into the jury box."[quotation marks removed])
{{supra|Lyttle}}{{atL|1gd50|51}} (" A trial judge must balance the rights of an accused to receive a fair trial with the need to prevent unethical cross-examination.  There will thus be instances where a trial judge will want to ensure that counsel is not merely taking a random shot at a reputation imprudently exposed or asking a groundless question to waft an unwarranted innuendo into the jury box."[quotation marks removed])
</ref>
</ref>


The courts should not let the complainant become "a victim of an insensitive judicial system."<Ref>
Les tribunaux ne devraient pas laisser le plaignant devenir « une victime d’un système judiciaire insensible ».<Ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Osolin|1frvz|1993 CanLII 54 (SCC)|[1993] 4 SCR 595}}{{perSCC-H|Cory J}}
{{CanLIIRP|Osolin|1frvz|1993 CanLII 54 (SCC)|[1993] 4 SCR 595}}{{perSCC-H|Cory J}}
</ref>
</ref>
Récupérée de "https://carnetdroitpenal.ca/fr/index.php/Contre-interrogatoires"