« Contrefaçon (infraction) » : différence entre les versions

{{en|counterfeiting_(Offence)}}

{{Currency2|January|2019}}

|Act={{OBCCC}}  

|IndictableMax=  {{OBTime|14 years}} }}

==Overview==

|art. 449 {{DescrSec|449}} , <br>s. 450 {{DescrSec|450}}, or<br> s. 452 {{DescrSec|452}} || {{ReleaseProfile-Indictable}}  

==Offence Wording==

===Draft Form of Charges===

{{seealso|Draft Form of Charges}}

{{CanLIIRP|Duane|2dggn|1984 ABCA 115 (CanLII)|12 CCC (3d) 368}}{{perABCA|Kerans JA}}{{atL|2dggn|4}} ("mere lack of intention not to use it as currency does not legitimate possession of counterfeit money.")

L'intention « de ne pas utiliser [les pièces] comme monnaie » mais plutôt de « détenir » des pièces « dans le but de les vendre comme curiosités numismatiques » n'est pas une défense valable.<ref>

{{CanLIIRP|Robinson|1twwc|1973 CanLII 22 (SCC)|[1974] SCR 573}}{{perSCC|Ritchie J}}

{{CanLIIRP|Freng|1dbrk|1993 CanLII 913 (BC CA)|86 CCC (3d) 91}}{{AtL|1dbrk|21}} (" We conclude the proper construction of ss. 450 and 452 requires the Crown to prove beyond a reasonable doubt all the essential elements of the charges in question and that knowledge of the character of the counterfeit money is an essential element.")

C'est un moyen de défense de soulever le doute que l'accusé était au courant de la « nature contrefaite » de l'argent.<ref>

; « justification légitime » ou « excuse »

L'intention de vendre une pièce contrefaite « comme curiosités numismatiques » ne constitue pas une excuse pour l'infraction.<ref>

{{CanLIIRPC|Robinson v R|1twwc|1973 CanLII 22 (SCC)|[1974] SCR 573}}

R.S., c. C-34, s. 406.

{{CanLIIRP|Caccamo|1vllz|1973 CanLII 46 (ON CA)|[1973] 2 OR 367 (CA)}}{{perONCA|Gale CJ}}{{atps|369-370}} aff’d (1975), 21 CCC (2d) 257 (SCC), [1976] 1 SCR 786, [http://canlii.ca/t/1mzj4 1975 CanLII 11] (SCC){{perSCC|De Grandpre J}}<br>  

===Preuve de caractère contrefait===

Dispositions spéciales relatives à la preuve

; Testimonial Aids

{{VictimHeader}} <!-- Sections / Notice of Agree / Notice of Restitution / Notice of VIS -->  

|s. s. 449 {{DescrSec|449}},<br>s. 450 {{DescrSec|450}} and <br>s.452 {{DescrSec|452}} || {{No}} || {{Yes}} || ||  

==Sentencing Principles and Ranges==

; Maximum Penalties

{{SProfileMax|art. 449 {{DescrSec|449}},<br>s. 450 {{DescrSec|450}} and <br>s.452 {{DescrSec|452}}| {{NA}} | {{Max14Years}}}}

; Minimum Penalties

; Available Dispositions

; Consecutive Sentences

===Principles===

===Ranges===

==Ancillary Sentencing Orders==

{{seealso|Ancillary Orders}}

; Offence-specific Orders

| [[Ordres ADN]] ||art. 449, 450 or 452 ||

; Ordonnances générales de détermination de peine{{GeneralSentencingOrders}}

; Ordonnances générales de confiscation{{GeneralForfeitureOrders}}

==History==

; Possession, etc., of counterfeit money

counterfeit money is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding fourteen years.

R.S., c. C-34, s. 408.

; Uttering, etc., counterfeit money

452 Every one who, without lawful justification or excuse, the proof of which lies on him,

:(a) utters or offers to utter counterfeit money or uses counterfeit money as if it were genuine, or

:(b) exports, sends or takes counterfeit money out of Canada,

is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding fourteen years.

R.S., c. C-34, s. 410.

; References

* [[Pre-Trial and Trial Motions Checklist]]