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« Voies de fait (infraction) » : différence entre les versions

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{{en|Common_Assault_(Offence)}}
[[en:Common_Assault_(Offence)]]
{{Currency2|January|2016}}
{{Currency2|janvier|2016}}
{{LevelZero}}{{HeaderOffences}}
{{LevelZero}}{{HeaderOffences}}
{{OffenceBox
{{OffenceBox
|OffenceTitle=Voies de fait
|OffenceTitle=Voies de fait
|OffencePage=Voies de fait
|OffencePage=Voies de fait
|Section=265, 266
|Section=265, 266
|Act={{OBCCC}}
|Acte={{OBCCC}}
|CrownElection={{OBHybridElection}}  
|CrownElection={{OBHybridElection}}  
|Jurisdiction={{OBJurisdictionAll-Under14}}
|Jurisdiction={{OBJurisdictionAll-Under14}}
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:b) soit d’une infraction punissable sur déclaration de culpabilité par procédure sommaire.
:b) soit d’une infraction punissable sur déclaration de culpabilité par procédure sommaire.


S.R., ch. C-34, art. 2451972, ch. 13, art. 211974-75-76, ch. 93, art. 221980-81-82-83, ch. 125, art. 19
S.R., ch. C-34, art. 245;
1972, ch. 13, art. 211974-75-76, ch. 93, art. 221980-81-82-83, ch. 125, art. 19
|{{CCCSec2|266}}
|{{CCCSec2|266}}
|{{NoteUp|266}}
|{{NoteUp|266}}
}}
}}


===Draft Form of Charges===
===Projet de formulaire d'accusation===
{{seealso|Draft Form of Charges}}
{{seealso|Projet de formulaire d'accusation}}
{{DraftHeader}}
{{DraftHeader}}
|-
|-
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{{ElementLeft}}
{{ElementLeft}}


{{Proving|assault by force|265(1)(a)}}
{{Proving|assault by force|265(1) a)}}
{{InitialElements}}
{{InitialElements}}
# {{box}} the culprit applied force on the victim
# {{box}} the culprit applied force on the victim
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# {{box}} injuries, if any, that occurred
# {{box}} injuries, if any, that occurred
# {{box}} compare physical build between the accused and victim
# {{box}} compare physical build between the accused and victim
# {{box}} that the complainant did not consent (see also s. 265(3) and (4))
# {{box}} that the complainant did not consent (voir également s. 265(3) et (4))
# {{box}} that the complainant did not assault, threaten or provoke the accused
# {{box}} that the complainant did not assault, threaten or provoke the accused
# {{box}} whether an alcohol was involved
# {{box}} whether an alcohol was involved
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{{ElementRight}}
{{ElementRight}}


{{Proving|assault by threat|265(1)(b)}}
{{Proving|assault by threat|265(1) b)}}
{{InitialElements}}
{{InitialElements}}
# {{box}} the culprit attempted or threatened to apply force to the victim
# {{box}} the culprit attempted or threatened to apply force to the victim
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# {{box}} no intentional physical contact was made
# {{box}} no intentional physical contact was made
# {{box}} compare physical build between the accused and victim
# {{box}} compare physical build between the accused and victim
# {{box}} that the complainant did not consent (see also s. 265(3) and (4))
# {{box}} that the complainant did not consent (voir également s. 265(3) et (4))
# {{box}} that the complainant did not assault, threaten or provoke the accused
# {{box}} that the complainant did not assault, threaten or provoke the accused
# {{box}} whether an alcohol was involved
# {{box}} whether an alcohol was involved
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{{ElementLeft}}
{{ElementLeft}}


{{Proving|assault, carrying weapon|265(1)(c)}}
{{Proving|assault, carrying weapon|265(1) c)}}
{{InitialElements}}
{{InitialElements}}
# {{box}} the culprit was "openly wearing or carrying a weapon or imitation thereof"
# {{box}} the culprit was "openly wearing or carrying a weapon or imitation thereof"
# {{box}} the culprit accosted or impeded the victim or begged
# {{box}} the culprit accosted or impeded the victim or begged
# {{box}} compare physical build between the accused and victim
# {{box}} compare physical build between the accused and victim
# {{box}} that the complainant did not consent (see also s. 265(3) and (4))
# {{box}} that the complainant did not consent (voir également s. 265(3) et (4))
# {{box}} that the complainant did not assault, threaten or provoke the accused
# {{box}} that the complainant did not assault, threaten or provoke the accused
# {{box}} whether an alcohol was involved
# {{box}} whether an alcohol was involved
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</ref>
</ref>


This broad definition does present a risk of "absurd consequences", but it should be left to the courts to draw the line.<ref>
Cette définition large présente un risque de « conséquences absurdes », mais il devrait être laissé aux tribunaux le soin de tracer la ligne.<ref>
see {{CanLIIRP|Jobidon|1fskj|1991 CanLII 77 (SCC)|[1991] 2 SCR 714}}{{perSCC|Gonthier J}}
see {{CanLIIRP|Jobidon|1fskk|1991 CanLII 77 (CSC)|[1991] 2 RCS 714}}{{perSCC|Gonthier J}}
</ref>
</ref>


The doctrine of [[Consent#Implied Consent|implied consent]] will exclude some of the trivial assaults from being criminally liable.<ref>
La doctrine du [[Consentement#Consentement implicite|consentement implicite]] exclura certaines agressions insignifiantes de toute responsabilité pénale.<ref>e.g. see discussion in {{CanLIIRx|Bennett|1p8m1|2006 CanLII 31012 (NL PC)}}{{perNLPC|Gorman J}}{{atsL|1p8m1|41| to 44}}<br>
e.g. see discussion in {{CanLIIRx|Bennett|1p8m1|2006 CanLII 31012 (NL PC)}}{{perNLPC|Gorman J}}{{atsL|1p8m1|41| to 44}}<br>
</ref>
</ref>


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===Intention===
===Intention===
The Crown must prove the accused had intention to apply force. <ref>
La Couronne doit prouver que l'accusé avait l'intention de recourir à la force. <ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Ewanchuk|1fqpm|1999 CanLII 711 (SCC)|[1999] 1 SCR 330}}{{perSCC-H|Major J}}<br>
{{CanLIIRP|Ewanchuk|1fqpl|1999 CanLII 711 (CSC)|[1999] 1 RCS 330}}{{perSCC-H|Major J}}<br>
{{CanLIIRP|Bartlett|g8x9s|1989 CanLII 4889 (NLSCTD)| Nfld. & PEIR 143 (NLSC)}}{{perNLSC|Cameron J}}
{{CanLIIRP|Bartlett|g8x9s|1989 CanLII 4889 (NLSCTD)| Nfld. & PEIR 143 (NLSC)}}{{perNLSC|Cameron J}}
</ref>
</ref>
The use of the word “intentionally” refers to the application of force or “to the manner in which force is applied”<ref>
L’utilisation du mot « intentionnellement » fait référence à l’application de la force ou « à la manière dont la force est appliquée »<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|George|21vcd|1960 CanLII 45 (SCC)|[1960] SCR 871}}{{perSCC-H|Fauteux J}}</ref>
{{CanLIIRP|George|21vcd|1960 CanLII 45 (CSC)|[1960] RCS 871}}{{perSCC-H|Fauteux J}}</ref>


An element of "hostility" has never been essential in the proof of assault. It would otherwise exclude liability due to pranks getting out of hand, non-consensual surgical treatment.<ref>
L'élément d'« hostilité » n'a jamais été essentiel dans la preuve d'une agression. Il exclurait sinon la responsabilité en cas de farces qui auraient pu déraper ou de traitement chirurgical non consenti.<ref>
{{UKCase|F v West Berkshire Health Authority|, [1989] 2 All ER 545 (H.L.)}}, at page 564<br>
{{UKCase|F v West Berkshire Health Authority|, [1989] 2 All ER 545 (H.L.)}}, at page 564<br>
</ref>
</ref>


Force due to carelessness or reflex is not sufficient.<ref>  
La force due à l'imprudence ou au réflexe n'est pas suffisante.<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Starratt|g19d0|1971 CanLII 541 (ON CA)|5 CCC (2d) 32 (CA)}}{{perONCA|Gale CJ}}<br>  
{{CanLIIRP|Starratt|g19d0|1971 CanLII 541 (ON CA)|5 CCC (2d) 32 (CA)}}{{perONCA|Gale CJ}}<br>  
{{CanLIIRP|Wolfe|htwp8|1974 CanLII 1643|20 CCC (2d) 382}}{{perONCA| Gale CJ}}<br>
{{CanLIIRP|Wolfe|htwp8|1974 CanLII 1643|20 CCC (2d) 382}}{{perONCA| Gale CJ}}<br>
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{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}


===Attempts or Threatens===
===Tentatives ou menaces===
An uttered threat accompanied by a preparatory action will amount to an assault.<ref>
Une menace proférée accompagnée d'une action préparatoire constituera une agression.<ref>
e.g. {{CanLIIRx|Brogan|fwdxh|2013 MBQB 6 (CanLII)}}{{perMBQB|Greenberg J}} - offender committed assault when he "stood up, clenched his fists and said “Let’s go”"
p. ex. {{CanLIIRx|Brogan|fwdxh|2013 MBQB 6 (CanLII)}}{{perMBQB|Greenberg J}} - le délinquant a commis une agression lorsqu'il « s'est levé, a serré les poings et a dit « Allons-y » »
</ref>
</ref>


{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}


=== Consent ===
=== Consentement ===
See [[Consent]]
Voir [[Consentement au contact physique]]


==Traditional Defences==
==Défenses traditionnelles==
* [[Defences|Consensual fight]]
* [[Moyens de défenses|Consensual fight]]
* [[Self-Defence and Defence of Another|Self-Defence]]
* [[Autodéfense et défense d'autrui|Self-Defence]]
* [[Self-Defence and Defence of Another|Defence of Another]]
* [[Autodéfense et défense d'autrui|Defence of Another]]
* [[Defences|Defence of Property]]
* [[Moyens de défenses|Défense de la propriété]]
* [[Defences|De Minimus]]
* [[Moyens de défenses|De Minimus]]
* [[Defences|Reflex]]
* [[Moyens de défenses|Reflex]]
* [[Corrective Force|Corrective Force]]
* [[Corrective Force|Corrective Force]]


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; Sur le constat de culpabilité
; Sur le constat de culpabilité
{{VictimHeader}} <!-- Sections / Notice of Agree / Notice of Restitution / Notice of VIS -->  
{{VictimHeader}} <!-- Sections / Notice of Agree / Avis de Dédommagement / Notice of VIS -->  
|art. 266 {{DescrSec|266}} || {{No}} ||{{Yes-Indictment}} || ||
|art. 266 {{DescrSec|266}} || {{No}} ||{{Yes-Indictment}} || ||
|-  
|-  
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{{seealsoSentencingViolence}}
{{seealsoSentencingViolence}}


===Sentencing Profile===
===Profil de condamnation===
; Maximum Penalties
; Pénalités maximales
{{SProfileMaxHeader‎}}
{{SProfileMaxHeader‎}}
{{SProfileMax|art. 266 {{DescrSec|266}} | {{Summary}} |{{summaryconviction}} }}
{{SProfileMax|art. 266 {{DescrSec|266}} | {{Summary}} |{{summaryconviction}} }}
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{{MaxPenaltyHybrid|art. 266 {{DescrSec|266}}|'''{{Max5Years}}'''|'''{{summaryconviction}}'''}}
{{MaxPenaltyHybrid|art. 266 {{DescrSec|266}}|'''{{Max5Years}}'''|'''{{summaryconviction}}'''}}


; Minimum Penalties
; Pénalités minimales
{{NoMinimumPenalties}}
{{NoMinimumPenalties}}


; Available Dispositions
; Dispositions disponibles
{{SProfileAvailHeader}}
{{SProfileAvailHeader}}
|art. 266 {{DescrSec|266}} || any || {{SProfileAll}}
|art. 266 {{DescrSec|266}} || quelconque || {{SProfileAll}}
|-
|-
{{SProfileEnd}}
{{SProfileEnd}}
{{AllDispositionsAvailable}}
{{AllDispositionsAvailable}}


; Consecutive Sentences
; Peines consécutive
{{NoConsecutive}}
{{NoConsecutive}}


===Principles===
===Principes===


; Assault Upon Children
; Assault Upon Children
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{{CanLIIR|Evans|6j9k|1996 CanLII 19983 (AB PC)|182 AR 21}}<br>
{{CanLIIR|Evans|6j9k|1996 CanLII 19983 (AB PC)|182 AR 21}}<br>
{{CanLIIR|Laberge|2dc8j|1995 ABCA 196 (CanLII)|165 A.R. 375; 89 W.A.C. 375; 27 W.C.B.(2d) 176}}{{perABCA|Fraser ACJ}}<br>
{{CanLIIR|Laberge|2dc8j|1995 ABCA 196 (CanLII)|165 A.R. 375; 89 W.A.C. 375; 27 W.C.B.(2d) 176}}{{perABCA|Fraser ACJ}}<br>
{{CanLIIR|Hilterman|gqckt|1993 CanLII 16387 (AB CA)|141 A.R. 223; 46 W.A.C. 223}}{{perABCA|Belzil JA and Prowse J}}<bR>
{{CanLIIR|Hilterman|gqckt|1993 CanLII 16387 (AB CA)|141 A.R. 223; 46 W.A.C. 223}}{{perABCA|Belzil JA et Prowse J}}<bR>
</ref>
</ref>
# The application of force with, if not the intention, the expectation of causing injury or, an indifference as to whether injuries will result;
# The application of force with, if not the intention, the expectation of causing injury or, an indifference as to whether injuries will result;
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Given police's important role in society, they are expected to adhere to "exemplary behaviour" in both their professional and private lives.<Ref>
Given police's important role in society, they are expected to adhere to "exemplary behaviour" in both their professional and private lives.<Ref>
{{CanLIIR|DED|1wkz8|2007 ABQB 508 (CanLII)}}{{perABQB| J}}{{atL|1wkz8|81}}<Br>
{{CanLIIR|DED|1wkz8|2007 ABQB 508 (CanLII)}}{{perABQB| J}}{{atL|1wkz8|81}}<Br>
R v Wallator, [1994] A.J. No. 194 (Prov. Ct.) at para 18 ("Police officers have an important peace role to play in society. They are under constant public scrutiny with a public demand for exemplary behaviour. There is a public attitude that police officers are expected to live, and to reflect higher standards of attitude and conduct, not only in their professional lives but also in their private lives, which is much more than is required of private citizens. Police forces reinforce these views through internal discipline procedures and regular personal evaluation reports (which are reviewed by supervisors).")
R v Wallator, [1994] A.J. No. 194 (Prov. Ct.) at para 18 ( {{Tr}}« Police officers have an important peace role to play in society. They are under constant public scrutiny with a public demand for exemplary behaviour. There is a public attitude that police officers are expected to live, and to reflect higher standards of attitude and conduct, not only in their professional lives but also in their private lives, which is much more than is required of private citizens. Police forces reinforce these views through internal discipline procedures and regular personal evaluation reports (which are reviewed by supervisors). » )
</ref>
</ref>


{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}


===Ranges===
===Gamme de peines===
{{seealsoRanges|Common Assault}}
{{seealsoRanges|Common Assault}}


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==Ordonnances de condamnation accessoires==
==Ordonnances de condamnation accessoires==
{{seealso|Ancillary Orders}}
{{seealso|Ordonnances auxiliaires}}
; Offence-specific Orders
; Ordonnances spécifiques à une infraction
{{AOrderHeader}}
{{AOrderHeader}}
| [[Ordres ADN]]  ||art. 266 {{DescrSec|266}} ||
| [[Ordonnances ADN]]  ||art. 266 {{DescrSec|266}} ||
** {{SecondDNA(CtoE)|art. 266}}
** {{SecondDNA(CtoE)|art. 266}}
|-
|-
| [[Ordonnances d’interdiction des armes]]  || s. 266 {{DescrSec|266}} ||
| [[Ordonnances d'interdiction d'armes]]  || s. 266 {{DescrSec|266}} ||
** {{Section110|art. 266}}
** {{Section110|art. 266}}
|-
|-
| [[Delayed_Parole_Eligibility|Delayed Parole Order]] ||art. 266 {{DescrSec|266}}||
| [[Admissibilité à la libération conditionnelle différée|Ordonnance de libération conditionnelle différée]] ||art. 266 {{DescrSec|266}}||
* {{ParoleDelayEligible|1|art. 266}}
* {{ParoleDelayEligible|1|art. 266}}
{{AOrderEnd}}
{{AOrderEnd}}


; Ordonnances générales de détermination de peine{{GeneralSentencingOrders}}
; Ordonnances générales de détermination de peine
{{GeneralSentencingOrders}}


; Ordonnances générales de confiscation{{GeneralForfeitureOrders}}
; Ordonnances générales de confiscation
{{GeneralForfeitureOrders}}


==Suspensions de casier et pardons==
==Suspensions de casier et pardons==
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==History of Common Assault==
==History of Common Assault==
* [[History of Common Assault (Offence)]]
* [[History of Voies de fait (infraction)]]


==Voir également==
==Voir également==
; Related Offences
; Related Offences
* [[Assault with a Weapon or Causing Bodily Harm (Offence)]]
* [[Agression armée ou infliction de lésions corporelles (infraction)]]
* [[Aggravated Assault (Offence)]]
* [[Voies de fait graves (infraction)]]
* [[Assault Peace Officer (Offence)]]
* [[Voies de fait contre un agent de la paix (infraction)]]
; Trial-related Matters
; Trial-related Matters
* [[Assault-based Offences (Model Examinations)]]
* [[Assault-based Offences (Model Examinations)]]
Récupérée de « https://carnetdroitpenal.ca/fr/index.php/Voies_de_fait_(infraction) »