Voir la source de Violations des peines avec sursis

{{en|Conditional_Sentence_Breaches}}
{{Currency2|January|2023}}
{{LevelZero}}{{HeaderAvailSent}}
==Principes généraux==
Les manquements aux peines avec sursis sont régis par l’art. 742.6 qui décrit la procédure permettant de déterminer si des violations ont eu lieu et leurs conséquences une fois constatées.

Une allégation de violation d’une peine avec sursis interrompt l’exécution de la peine avec sursis. <ref>
s. 742.6(10); {{CanLIIRx|Vromans|1qd6h|2007 ABCA 36 (CanLII)}}{{perABCA|Fraser JA}}</ref>
Une violation ne constitue pas nécessairement une infraction indépendante, mais constitue simplement une demande de réexamen des modalités de la peine avec sursis prévue à l'art. 742.6.<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Proulx|527b|2000 SCC 5 (CanLII)|[2000] 1 SCR 61}}{{perSCC|Lamer CJ}}{{atsL|527b|27| to 28}}</ref>

Une audience pour manquement doit commencer dans les 30 jours suivant l'allégation.<ref>s. 742.6(3)<br>
{{CanLIIRP|McIvor|1w4h7|2008 SCC 11 (CanLII)|[2008] 1 SCR 285}}{{perSCC|Charron J}}<br> 
{{CanLIIRP|Kabosos|217d3|2008 ONCA 711 (CanLII)|238 CCC (3d) 428}}{{perONCA|MacPherson JA}}<br>
</ref>
Le délai commence au moment de l'arrestation pour violation, et non au moment de la délivrance du mandat ou au moment de l'arrestation pour nouvelle infraction.<ref>
{{ibid1|Kabosos}}</ref>

Une fois qu'une allégation de manquement est formulée, seul le juge qui a accordé la peine initiale avec sursis devrait pouvoir accorder une libération sous caution avant l'audience.<ref>
{{CanLIIRx|Gessleman|1ljxt|2005 ABQB 628 (CanLII)}}{{perABQB|JA Watson}}</ref>
L'audience pour manquement elle-même est généralement, mais pas nécessairement, entendue devant le même juge.<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Tomic|5rr0|2000 ABCA 192 (CanLII)|147 CCC (3d) 567}}{{TheCourtABCA}}<br>
{{CanLIIRP|Casey|1fb1f|2000 CanLII 5626 (ON CA)|141 CCC (3d) 506}}{{perONCA|Osborne JA}}{{atL|1fb1f|42}}
</ref>

; Nature de l’audience sur la violation
Une audience pour manquement est un « aspect » de la détermination de la peine.<Ref>
{{supra1|Casey}}<Br>
{{CanLIIRP|Whitty|26z6f|1999 CanLII 18919 (NL CA)|135 CCC (3d) 77}}{{perNLCA|Gushue JA}}<Br>
{{CanLIIRP|LeBorgne|1m6ln|2005 NSCA 156 (CanLII)|204 CCC (3d) 177 }}{{perNSCA|Cromwell JA}}{{AtL|1m6ln|17}}
</ref>
Cela n’est pas considéré comme une « infraction » distincte.<ref>
{{CanLIIR|Gessleman|1ljxt|2005 ABQB 628 (CanLII)}}{{perABQB|Watson J}}{{atL|1ljxt|9}}
</ref>

Certaines autorités déclarent que l'audience pour manquement n'est pas une répétition de la peine initiale.<REf>
{{ibid1|Tomic}}{{AtL|5rr0|15}}<Br>
</ref>
Le juge d'audience n'est pas autorisé à prolonger la peine initiale ou à imposer une peine différente.<REf>
{{ibid1|Tomic}}{{AtL|5rr0|15}}<Br>
{{supra1|Casey}}{{AtL|1fb1f|28}}
</reF>
Il n'y a que la compétence pour évaluer la violation et imposer les conséquences autorisées indiquées dans l'article.<REf>
{{supra1|Tomic}}{{AtL|5rr0|15}}
</ref>
En règle générale, le tribunal ne peut « se prononcer que sur la partie non expirée de la peine avec sursis », comme le prescrit l'art. 742.6(9).<ref>
{{supra1|Casey}} au paragraphe 13<Br>
{{supra1|Tomique}}
</ref>

En revanche, certaines autorités déclarent que l'audience pour manquement est une continuation de l'audience de détermination de la peine et qu'un manquement peut être utilisé pour modifier la peine initiale en fonction de nouvelles circonstances aggravantes.<Ref>
{{CanLIIR|Carpentier|1m1bb|2005 MBCA 134 (CanLII)}}{{perMBCA|Steel J}}{{atL|1m1bb|36}}
</ref>

; Preuve
Il n’est pas certain que l’exception au ouï-dire prévue à l’art. 723 s'applique à une audience pour manquement.<REf>
{{CanLIIRP|LeBorgne|1m6ln|2005 NSCA 156 (CanLII)|204 CCC (3d) 177}}{{perNSCA|Cromwell JA}}
</ref>

; Constitutionnalité
Une allégation de manquement ne constitue pas une infraction au sens de l'art. 11 de la Charte. Par conséquent, l’inversion du fardeau de la preuve ne viole pas l’art. 11(d) et ne constitue pas une double incrimination.<ref>
{{ibid1|Casey}}<br>
{{CanLIIRP|Thompson|g2pzr|2014 ONCA 43 (CanLII)|305 CCC (3d) 218}}{{perONCA-H|Watt JA}}{{atL|g2pzr|29}}<br>
</ref> 
Il ne s’agit pas non plus, d’une manière générale, d’une infraction pénale substantielle.<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Bailey|frjpk|2012 ABCA 165 (CanLII)|289 CCC (3d) 280}}{{perABCA|Martin JA}}<br>
{{supra1|Thompson}}{{atL|g2pzr|29}} ("Breach of a condition of a CSO is not an offence")<br>
</ref> 

{{Reflist|2}}

==Laying a Breach Allegation, Compelling Attendance and Bail==

{{quotation2|
; Mesures en cas de manquement
742.6 (1) En ce qui touche les procédures visées au présent article :
:a) les dispositions des parties XVI {{AnnSec|Part XVI}} et XVIII {{AnnSec|Part XVIII}} concernant la comparution forcée d’un prévenu devant un juge de paix s’appliquent avec les adaptations nécessaires, toute mention, dans ces parties, de la perpétration d’une infraction valant mention d’un manquement aux conditions d’une ordonnance de sursis;
:b) les pouvoirs d’arrestation en cas de manquement à une condition d’une ordonnance de sursis sont, avec les adaptations nécessaires, les pouvoirs d’arrestation pour les actes criminels, le paragraphe 495(2) étant inapplicable;
:c) malgré l’alinéa a), la procédure en cas de prétendu manquement est engagée :
::(i) soit par la délivrance du mandat pour l’arrestation du délinquant pour le prétendu manquement,
::(ii) soit par l’arrestation sans mandat du délinquant pour le prétendu manquement,
::(iii) soit par le fait d’obliger le délinquant à comparaître au titre de l’alinéa d);
:d) si le délinquant est déjà détenu ou devant le tribunal, sa comparution peut être obtenue par application des dispositions de l’alinéa a);
:e) si le délinquant a été arrêté pour le prétendu manquement, l’agent de la paix qui a procédé à l’arrestation, un juge ou un juge de paix peut le mettre en liberté et sa comparution peut être obtenue par application des dispositions de l’alinéa a);
:f) le mandat d’arrestation peut être délivré par un juge d’une cour supérieure de juridiction criminelle, un juge d’une cour de juridiction criminelle ou un juge de paix, quel que soit par ailleurs le juge, tribunal ou juge de paix qui a prononcé la peine.

; Mandat — moyens de télécommunication
(1.1) Le mandat visé à l’alinéa (1)f) peut être délivré par un moyen de télécommunication; les dispositions en la matière prévues à l’article 487.1 s’appliquent alors avec les adaptations nécessaires.

; Mise en liberté provisoire
(2) Pour l’application de l’article 515, le paragraphe 515(6) s’applique à la mise en liberté du délinquant détenu pour un prétendu manquement à une condition d’une ordonnance de sursis.

{{removed|(3), (3.1), (3.2), (3.3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (11), (12), (13), (14), (15), (16) and (17)}}

1995, ch. 22, art. 61999, ch. 5, art. 412004, ch. 12, art. 15(A)2008, ch. 18, art. 412019, ch. 25, art. 3042022, ch. 17, art. 49
{{Annotation}}


----

; Procedure on breach of condition
742.6 (1) For the purpose of proceedings under this section,
:(a) the provisions of Parts XVI  and XVIII {{AnnSec|Part XVIII}} with respect to compelling the appearance of an accused before a justice apply, with any modifications that the circumstances require, and any reference in those Parts to committing an offence shall be read as a reference to breaching a condition of a conditional sentence order;
:(b) the powers of arrest for breach of a condition are those that apply to an indictable offence, with any modifications that the circumstances require, and subsection 495(2) {{AnnSec4|495(2)}} does not apply;

; Warrant — means of telecommunication
(1.1) A warrant may be issued under paragraph (1)(f) {{AnnSec7|742.6(1)(f)}} by a means of telecommunication, and the provisions in section 487.1 {{AnnSec4|487.1}} on the issuance of a warrant apply for those purposes, with any necessary modifications.

; Interim release
(2) For the purpose of the application of section 515 {{AnnSec5|515}}, the release from custody of an offender who is detained on the basis of an alleged breach of a condition of a conditional sentence order shall be governed by subsection 515(6) {{AnnSec5|515(6)}}.

|{{CCCSec2|742.6}}
|{{NoteUp|742.6|1|2}}
}}

==Effect of Allegations on CSO==

{{quotation2|
742.6<br>
{{removed|(1), (2), (3), (3.1), (3.2), (3.3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8) and (9)}}

; Arrestation en cas de manquement
(10) L’exécution de l’ordonnance de sursis en ce qui touche sa durée est suspendue pendant la période comprise entre la première des éventualités ci-après à se produire et la décision du tribunal sur le prétendu manquement :
:a) la délivrance du mandat pour l’arrestation du délinquant pour le prétendu manquement;
:b) l’arrestation sans mandat du délinquant pour le prétendu manquement;
:c) le fait d’obliger le délinquant à comparaître au titre de l’alinéa (1)d).

; Application des conditions de l’ordonnance
(11) Lorsque le délinquant n’est pas détenu sous garde au cours de la période visée au paragraphe (10) {{AnnSec7|742.6(10)}}, les conditions de l’ordonnance de sursis continuent de s’appliquer, y compris les modifications apportées au titre de l’article 742.4 {{AnnSec7|742.4}}, le présent article s’appliquant par ailleurs à tout prétendu manquement subséquent.

{{removed|(12) and (13)}}
; Exécution du mandat dans un délai non raisonnable
(14) Par dérogation au paragraphe (10), si le mandat n’a pas été exécuté dans un délai raisonnable, le tribunal peut, à tout moment, ordonner que tout ou partie de la période comprise entre la délivrance du mandat et son exécution dont, à son avis, il devrait être tenu compte dans l’intérêt de la justice soit réputé valoir comme temps écoulé au titre de l’ordonnance de sursis, sauf s’il en a été tenu compte au titre du paragraphe (15).

{{removed|(15), (16) and (17)}}

1995, ch. 22, art. 61999, ch. 5, art. 412004, ch. 12, art. 15(A)2008, ch. 18, art. 412019, ch. 25, art. 3042022, ch. 17, art. 49

; Unreasonable delay in execution
(14) Despite subsection (10) {{AnnSec7|742.6(10)}}, if there was unreasonable delay in the execution of a warrant, the court may, at any time, order that any period between the issuance and execution of the warrant that it considers appropriate in the interests of justice is deemed to be time served under the conditional sentence order unless the period has been so deemed under subsection (15) {{AnnSec7|742.6(15)}}.
<br>
{{removed|(15), (16) and (17)}}
{{LegHistory90s|1995, c. 22}}, s. 6; 
{{LegHistory90s|1999, c. 5}}, s. 41;
{{LegHistory00s|2004, c. 12}}, s. 15(E); 
{{LegHistory00s|2008, c. 18}}, s. 41;
{{LegHistory10s|2019, c. 25}}, s. 304;
{{LegHistory20s|2022, c. 17}}, s. 49.

{{Annotation}}
|{{CCCSec2|742.6}}
|{{NoteUp|742.6|10|11|14}}
}}

===Crédit de détention provisoire===
{{seealso|Crédit de détention provisoire}}
; Conditional Sentence Continues
{{quotation2|
742.6<br>
{{removed|(1), (2), (3), (3.1), (3.2), (3.3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10) and (11)}}
; Détention au titre du par. 515(6)
(12) La suspension visée au paragraphe (10) cesse dès qu’une ordonnance de détention sous garde est rendue en vertu du paragraphe 515(6) et, sauf application de l’article 742.7, il y a exécution de l’ordonnance de sursis en ce qui touche sa durée pendant la période où le délinquant est détenu au titre de l’ordonnance.

; Réduction de peine méritée non applicable
(13) L’article 6 de la Loi sur les prisons et les maisons de correction ne s’applique pas à la période de détention sous garde visée au paragraphe 515(6) {{AnnSec5|515(6)}}.

{{removed|(14), (15), (16) and (17)}}
1995, ch. 22, art. 61999, ch. 5, art. 412004, ch. 12, art. 15(A)2008, ch. 18, art. 412019, ch. 25, art. 3042022, ch. 17, art. 49

-----

; Detention under s. 515(6)
(12) A conditional sentence order referred to in subsection (10) {{AnnSec7|752.6(10)}} starts running again on the making of an order to detain the offender in custody under subsection 515(6) {{AnnSec5|515(6)}} and, unless section 742.7 {{AnnSec7|742.7}} applies, continues running while the offender is detained under the order.
<br>
{{removed|(14), (15), (16) and (17)}}
{{LegHistory90s|1995, c. 22}}, s. 6; 
{{LegHistory90s|1999, c. 5}}, s. 41; 
{{LegHistory00s|2004, c. 12}}, s. 15(E); 
{{LegHistory00s|2008, c. 18}}, s. 41;
{{LegHistory10s|2019, c. 25}}, s. 304;
{{LegHistory20s|2022, c. 17}}, s. 49.
{{Annotation}}
|{{CCCSec2|742.6}}
|{{NoteUp|742.6|12|13}}
}}

The purpose of s. 742.6 is to relieve against the "harshness of the result of the offender being in custody" while serving his sentence.<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Atkinson|1bsmt|2003 CanLII 17467 (ON CA)|174 CCC (3d) 144}}{{perONCA|Rosenberg JA}}{{atL|1bsmt|17}} ("Section 742.6(12) relieves against the harshness of the result of the offender being in custody by providing that the conditional sentence begins to run again "on the making of an order to detain the offender in custody under subsection 515(6)".")
</ref>

Under s. 742.6(12), the conditional sentence continues while the accused is remanded. However, by function of (13), there is no remission credit.<ref>
{{ibid1|Atkinson}}{{atL|1bsmt|17}} ("The sentence continues to run while the offender is detained under that order. However, pursuant to s. 742.6(13)... the offender does not receive any remission for any time spent in custody on the detention order.")<br>
</ref>
Once the Court finds a breach, the remission credit accrues.<ref>
{{ibid1|Atkinson}}{{atL|1bsmt|17}} ("Once the judge makes the breach determination and decides that the offender should serve some or the balance of the sentence in custody, the Prisons and Reformatories Act would apply and the offender would get remission on that part of the sentence remaining to be served in custody.")
</ref>

{{reflist|2}}

==Proving a Breach==

{{quotation2|
742.6<br>
{{removed|(1) and (2)}}
; Hearing
(3) The hearing of an allegation of a breach of condition shall be commenced within thirty days, or as soon thereafter as is practicable, after
:(a) the offender’s arrest; or
:(b) the compelling of the offender’s appearance in accordance with paragraph (1)(d).

; Place
(3.1) The allegation may be heard by any court having jurisdiction to hear that allegation in the place where the breach is alleged to have been committed or the offender is found, arrested or in custody.
<br>
; Attorney General’s consent
(3.2) If the place where the offender is found, arrested or in custody is outside the province in which the breach is alleged to have been committed, no proceedings in respect of that breach shall be instituted in that place without
:(a) the consent of the Attorney General of the province in which the breach is alleged to have been committed; or
:(b) the consent of the Attorney General of Canada, if the proceedings that led to the issuance of the conditional sentence order were instituted by or on behalf of the Attorney General of Canada.

; Adjournment
(3.3) A judge may, at any time during a hearing of an allegation of breach of condition, adjourn the hearing for a reasonable period.
<br>
; Report of supervisor
(4) An allegation of a breach of condition must be supported by a written report of the supervisor, which report must include, where appropriate, signed statements of witnesses.

; Admission of report on notice of intent
(5) The report is admissible in evidence if the party intending to produce it has, before the hearing, given the offender reasonable notice and a copy of the report.
<br>
(6) and (7) [Repealed, {{LegHistory00s|2008, c. 18}}, s. 41]
<br>
; Requiring attendance of supervisor or witness
(8) The offender may, with leave of the court, require the attendance, for cross-examination, of the supervisor or of any witness whose signed statement is included in the report.
<br>
{{Removed|(9), (10), (11), (12), (13), (14), (15), (16) and (17)}}
{{LegHistory90s|1995, c. 22}}, s. 6; 
{{LegHistory90s|1999, c. 5}}, s. 41; 
{{LegHistory00s|2004, c. 12}}, s. 15(E); 
{{LegHistory00s|2008, c. 18}}, s. 41;
{{LegHistory10s|2019, c. 25}}, s. 304; 
{{LegHistory20s|2022, c. 17}}, s. 49.
|{{CCCSec2|742.6}}
|{{NoteUp|742.6|3|3.1|3.2|3.3|4|5|8}}
}}

; Timing
Once a breach allegation is made, the proceedings must be commenced within 30 days or within a period soon thereafter "as is practicable."<ref>
{{CanLIIRT|McIvor||2008 SCC 11 (CanLI)}}{{AtL||18}}
</ref>

There is "urgency" to prove a breach.<ref>
R. v. Morgan, [2017] O.J. No. 7167 at paras 26 to 27<br>
{{CanLIIRT|Greville|1d4q5|2002 CanLII 44901 (ON CA)|[2002] O.J. No. 1768 (C.A.)}}{{perONCA-H|Weiler JA}}{{atL|1d4q5|17}}
</ref>

Failure to determine the breach within the proper time results in a loss of jurisdiction to determine the breach.<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Lajoie|jf57l|2020 BCPC 281 (CanLII)}}{{perBCPC|Chettiar J}}{{AtsL|jf57l|30| to 31}}
</ref>

; Standard of Proof
To establish a breach, the crown must establish on a balance of probabilities that the offender breached the sentence.<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|LeBorgne|1m6ln|2005 NSCA 156 (CanLII)|[2005] NSJ 493}}{{perNSCA|Cromwell JA}} (3:0)<br>
{{CanLIIRPC|C(R) v McDougall|20xm8|2008 SCC 53 (CanLII)|[2008] 3 SCR 41}}{{perSCC|Rothstein J}} (7:0)<br>
Held to be constitutional, see {{CanLIIRP|Casey|1fb1f|2000 CanLII 5626 (ON CA)|141 CCC (3d) 506}}{{perONCA|Osborne JA}} (3:0){{atsL|1fb1f|25| to 40}}
</ref>
Unless the accused proves on balance of probabilities that there was "a reasonable excuse."<ref>
See s. 742.6(9)</ref>

{{reflist|2}}
===Report===
The breach must be supported by a signed report of the supervisor, and where appropriate signed statements of the witnesses.<ref>s.742.6(4) ("An allegation of a breach of condition must be supported by a written report of the supervisor, which report must include, where appropriate, signed statements of witnesses.")</ref>

The report is admissible if the offender is given reasonable notice of the intention to produce the document as well as the Report itself. <ref>s. 742.6(5) ("The report is admissible in evidence if the party intending to produce it has, before the hearing, given the offender reasonable notice and a copy of the report.")</ref>

Section 742.6(4) provides an evidentiary "short cut” to proof of the breach allegation. If the report is defective by missing a signature the crown can still prove the breach by viva voce evidence.<ref>
{{CanLIIR-N|Balaj| (2010) 245 CCC (3d) 252 }}</ref>

The accused may seek leave of the court to cross examine the supervisor or any other witness who signed a statement in the report.<ref>742.6(8) ("The offender may, with leave of the court, require the attendance, for cross-examination, of the supervisor or of any witness whose signed statement is included in the report.
")</ref> 
However, the accused must establish that cross-examination serves a useful purpose.<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|McIvor|1w4h7|2008 SCC 11 (CanLII)|[2008] 1 SCR 285}}{{perSCC|Charron J}} (7:0)</ref>

{{Reflist|2}}

==Disposition on Breach==

A finding of a breach is not a separate and new criminal offence.<REf>
{{CanLIIRP|Casey|1fb1f|2000 CanLII 5626 (ON CA)|141 CCC (3d) 506}}{{perONCA|Osborne JA}}{{atL|1fb1f|23}}<br>
{{CanLIIRP|McIvor|1nxqw|2006 BCCA 343 (CanLII)|210 CCC (3d) 161}}{{perBCCA|Hall JA}} (dissent){{atL|1nxqw|52}}<br>
{{CanLIIRP|LeBorgne|1m6ln|2005 NSCA 156 (CanLII)|204 CCC (3d) 177}}{{perNSCA|Cromwell JA}}{{atL|1m6ln|13}}<br>
</reF>

{{quotation2|
742.6<br>
{{removed|(1), (2), (3), (3.1), (3.2), (3.3), (4), (5), (6), (7) and (8)}}
; Powers of court
(9) Where the court is satisfied, on a balance of probabilities, that the offender has without reasonable excuse, the proof of which lies on the offender, breached a condition of the conditional sentence order, the court may
:(a) take no action;
:(b) change the optional conditions;
:(c) suspend the conditional sentence order and direct
::(i) that the offender serve in custody a portion of the unexpired sentence, and
::(ii) that the conditional sentence order resume on the offender’s release from custody, either with or without changes to the optional conditions; or
:(d) terminate the conditional sentence order and direct that the offender be committed to custody until the expiration of the sentence.

{{removed|(10), (11), (12), (13), (14) and (15)}}
; Powers of court
(16) If a court is satisfied, on a balance of probabilities, that the offender has without reasonable excuse, the proof of which lies on the offender, breached a condition of the conditional sentence order, the court may, in exceptional cases and in the interests of justice, order that some or all of the period of suspension referred to in subsection (10) {{AnnSec7|742.6(10)}} is deemed to be time served under the conditional sentence order.
<br>
; Considerations 
(17) In exercising its discretion under subsection (16) {{AnnSec7|742.6(16)}}, a court shall consider
:(a) the circumstances and seriousness of the breach;
:(b) whether not making the order would cause the offender undue hardship based on the offender’s individual circumstances; and
:(c) the period for which the offender was subject to conditions while the running of the conditional sentence order was suspended and whether the offender complied with those conditions during that period.

{{LegHistory90s|1995, c. 22}}, s. 6; 
{{LegHistory90s|1999, c. 5}}, s. 41;
{{LegHistory00s|2004, c. 12}}, s. 15(E); 
{{LegHistory00s|2008, c. 18}}, s. 41;
{{LegHistory10s|2019, c. 25}}, s. 304;
{{LegHistory20s|2022, c. 17}}, s. 49.
{{Annotation}}
|{{CCCSec2|742.6}}
|{{NoteUp|742.6|9|16|17}}
}}

If a breach is found, the presumption is for the offender to spend the remainder of the sentence in jail.<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Proulx|527b|2000 SCC 5 (CanLII)|[2000] 1 SCR 61}}{{perSCC|Lamer CJ}}{{atL|527b|39}}</ref> 
However, the disposition should turn on the particular circumstances.<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Langley|1lqn7|2005 BCCA 478 (CanLII)|202 CCC (3d) 431}}{{TheCourtBCCA}} (3:0)</ref> 
It is the constant threat of incarceration that should compel compliance.<ref>
see {{CanLIIRP|Brady|5str|1998 ABCA 7 (CanLII)|121 CCC (3d) 504}}{{TheCourtABCA}} (2:1)</ref>

A conditional sentence is suspended where the accused is ordered to serve another sentence in jail. (s. 742.7)

A judge cannot give an intermittent sentence for a breach of a conditional sentence order.<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Langmaier|23kn7|2009 SKCA 57 (CanLII)|245 CCC (3d) 252}}{{perSKCA|Sherstobitoff JA}} (3:0)<br> 
{{CanLIIRx|Ng|1qv22|2007 ONCA 183 (CanLII)}}{{TheCourtONCA}} (3:0)<br>
{{CanLIIRP|Bailey|frjpk|2012 ABCA 165 (CanLII)|289 CCC (3d) 280}}{{perABCA|Martin JA}} (3:0)<br>
</ref>

{{reflist|2}}

===Consecutive to Prior Sentence===
{{quotation2|
742.7<br>
{{Removed|(1)}}
; Breach of condition
(2) If an order is made under paragraph 742.6(9)(c) {{AnnSec7|742.6(9)(c)}} or (d) {{AnnSec7|742.6(9)(d)}} to commit an offender to custody, the custodial period ordered shall, unless the court considers that it would not be in the interests of justice, be served consecutively to any other period of imprisonment that the offender is serving when that order is made.
<br>
{{removed|(3) and (4)}}
{{LegHistory90s|1995, c. 22}}, s. 6; 
{{LegHistory90s|1999, c. 5}}, s. 42; 
{{LegHistory00s|2004, c. 12}}, s. 16(E).
{{Annotation}}
|{{CCCSec2|742.7}}
|{{NoteUp|742.7|2}}
}}

===Calculating New Sentence===

{{quotation2|
742.7
{{Removed|(1), (2)}}

; Multiple sentences
(3) If an offender is serving both a custodial period referred to in subsection (2) {{AnnSec7|742.7(2)}} and any other period of imprisonment, the periods shall, for the purpose of section 743.1 {{AnnSec7|743.1}} and section 139 of the ''Corrections and Conditional Release Act'', be deemed to constitute one sentence of imprisonment.
<br>
{{Removed|(4)}}
{{LegHistory90s|1995, c. 22}}, s. 6; 
{{LegHistory90s|1999, c. 5}}, s. 42; 
{{LegHistory00s|2004, c. 12}}, s. 16(E).
{{Annotation}}
|{{CCCSec2|742.7}}
|{{NoteUp|742.7|3}}
}}

===Resumption of Conditional Sentence===
{{quotation2|
742.7<br>
{{Removed|(1), (2) and (3)}}
<br>
; Conditional sentence order resumes
(4) The running of any period of the conditional sentence order that is to be served in the community resumes upon the release of the offender from prison on parole, on statutory release, on earned remission, or at the expiration of the sentence.
<br>
{{LegHistory90s|1995, c. 22}}, s. 6; 
{{LegHistory90s|1999, c. 5}}, s. 42; 
{{LegHistory00s|2004, c. 12}}, s. 16(E).
|{{CCCSec2|742.7}}
|{{NoteUp|742.7|4}}
}}

===Terminate Conditional Sentence===
{{quotation2|
742.6<br>
{{removed|(1), (2), (3), (3.1), (3.2), (3.3), (4), (5), (6), (7) and (8)}}
; Powers of court
(9) Where the court is satisfied, on a balance of probabilities, that the offender has without reasonable excuse, the proof of which lies on the offender, breached a condition of the conditional sentence order, the court may
:{{removed|(a), (b) and (c)}}
:(d) terminate the conditional sentence order and direct that the offender be committed to custody until the expiration of the sentence.
{{removed|(10), (11), (12), (13), (14), (15), (16) and (17)}}
{{LegHistory90s|1995, c. 22}}, s. 6; 
{{LegHistory90s|1999, c. 5}}, s. 41; 
{{LegHistory00s|2004, c. 12}}, s. 15(E); 
{{LegHistory00s|2008, c. 18}}, s. 41;
{{LegHistory10s|2019, c. 25}}, s. 304;
{{LegHistory20s|2022, c. 17}}, s. 49
|{{CCCSec2|742.6}}
|{{NoteUp|742.6|9}}
}}

The burden is upon the accused to prove an alternative disposition other than termination should apply.

On disposition for a breach, the first step is to consider whether the presumption of termination is rebutted. To that end, the sentencing judge considers factors including:<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Langley|1lqn7|2005 BCCA 478 (CanLII)|202 CCC (3d) 431}}{{perBCCA|Ryan JA}}{{atL|11qn7|13}}
</ref>
* the nature, circumstances, and timing of the breach; 
* any subsequent criminal conduct and sentences for that conduct; 
* changes in the plan for community supervision; 
* the effect of termination on the appropriateness of the sentence for the original offence; 
* and the offender's previous criminal record.

If the presumption is rebutted, the judge should then consider the same factors to determine which three options are appropriate.<Ref>
{{ibid1|Langley}}{{atL|11qn7|13}}
</ref> 

A failure to properly consider consider the factors may render the disposition reversable as "demonstrably or clearly unreasonable."<ref>
{{CanLIIRx|Avard|j09g9|2019 NSSC 161 (CanLII)}}{{perNSSC|Roskinski J}}
</ref>

{{reflist|2}}

==Effect of Dismissal or Excusal of Allegation==

{{quotation2|
742.6<br>
{{removed|(1), (2), (3), (3.1), (3.2), (3.3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (11), (12), (13) and (14)}}
; Allegation dismissed or reasonable excuse
(15) If the allegation is withdrawn or dismissed or the offender is found to have had a reasonable excuse for the breach, the sum of the following periods is deemed to be time served under the conditional sentence order:
:(a) any period for which the running of the conditional sentence order was suspended; and
:(b) if subsection (12) {{AnnSec7|742.6(12)}} applies, a period equal to one half of the period that the conditional sentence order runs while the offender is detained under an order referred to in that subsection.
{{removed|(16) and (17)}}
{{LegHistory90s|1995, c. 22}}, s. 6; 
{{LegHistory90s|1999, c. 5}}, s. 41; 
{{LegHistory00s|2004, c. 12}}, s. 15(E); 
{{LegHistory00s|2008, c. 18}}, s. 41;
{{LegHistory10s|2019, c. 25}}, s. 304;
{{LegHistory20s|2022, c. 17}}, s. 49.

{{Annotation}}
|{{CCCSec2|742.6}}
|{{NoteUp|742.6|15}}
}}

==See Also==
* [[Proof of Bodily Substance in Condition Breach Prosecution]]