Voir la source de Violations des ordonnances d'article 161 (infraction)

[[en:Breach of Section 161 Orders (Offence)]]
{{Currency2|janvier|2020}}
{{LevelZero}}{{HeaderOffences}}

{{OffenceBox 
|OffenceTitle=Violations des ordonnances d'article 161
|OffencePage=Violations des ordonnances d'article 161
|Section=161(4)
|Acte={{OBCCC}} 
|CrownElection={{OBHybridSummaryElection}}
|Jurisdiction={{OBJurisdictionAll-Under5}}
|Bail={{OBBailAll}} 
|SummaryDisp= {{OBDispAll}}
|SummaryMin= {{OBMinNone}} 
|SummaryMax= {{OBSConviction}} 
|IndictableDisp={{OBDispSame}}
|IndictableMin= {{OBMinNone}}
|IndictableMax= {{OBTime|4 ans}} }}

==Aperçu==
Les infractions relatives aux '''infractions aux ordonnances de l'article 161''' se retrouvent dans la partie V du ''Code criminel'' relative aux « Infractions sexuelles, aux bonnes mœurs et aux troubles de l'ordre public ».
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; Pleadings
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{{PleadingsHybridList-N|s. 161(4) {{DescrSec|161(4)}} | {{Yes}} | {{Yes-IfCrown}}| {{No-Under14}} }}
{{PleadingsSummaryList-N|s. 161(4) {{DescrSec|161(4)}} | {{No}} | {{No}} | {{No-Under14}} }}
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{{PleadingsHybridElection-Under14|s. 161(4) {{DescrSec|161(4)}}}}

{{PleadingsSummary|s. 161(4)}}

; Release
{{ReleaseOptions-Hybrid|s. 161(4) {{DescrSec|161(4)}}}}

:''<u>Reverse Onus Bail</u>''
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:''Empreintes digitales et photos''
{{IDCriminalAct|s. 161(4) {{DescrSec|161(4)}}}}

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; Interdictions de publication
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; Désignations des infractions
{{DesignationHeader}}
|-
|s. 161(4) {{DescrSec|161(4)}} || {{XMark}} <!--wire--> || {{XMark}} <!--DO-->||{{XMark}} <!--SPIO--> || {{XMark}} <!--consent--> || {{XMark}} <!-- IRPA --> 
{{DesignationEnd}}
{{SeeBelowForAncillary}}

==Libellé de l'infraction==
{{quotation2|
161<br>
{{Removed|(1), (1.1), (2) and (3)}}
Infraction

(4) Quiconque ne se conforme pas à l’ordonnance est coupable :
:a) soit d’un acte criminel passible d’un emprisonnement maximal de quatre ans;
:b) soit d’une infraction punissable sur déclaration de culpabilité par procédure sommaire.

L.R. (1985), ch. C-46, art. 161L.R. (1985), ch. 19 (3e suppl.), art. 4{{LegHistory90s|1993, ch. 45}}, art. 1{{LegHistory90s|1995, ch. 22}}, art. 18{{LegHistory90s|1997, ch. 18}}, art. 4{{LegHistory90s|1999, ch. 31}}, art. 67{{LegHistory00s|2002, ch. 13}}, art. 4{{LegHistory00s|2005, ch. 32}}, art. 5{{LegHistory00s|2008, ch. 6}}, art. 54{{LegHistory10s|2012, ch. 1}}, art. 16{{LegHistory10s|2014, ch. 21}}, art. 1, ch. 25, art. 5{{LegHistory10s|2015, ch. 23}}, art. 6{{LegHistory10s|2019, ch. 25}}, art. 55
|{{CCCSec2|161}}
|{{NoteUp|161|4}}
}}

{{reflist|2}}

===Projet de formulaire d'accusation===
{{voir aussi|Projet de formulaire d'accusation}}
{{DraftHeader}}
|-
|161(4)
| breach of 161 order - term (a)
|"{{ellipsis1}}, being bound by an order prohibited [name1] from attending a public park or public swimming area where persons under the age of 16 years are present or can reasonably be expected to be present, or a daycare centre, schoolground, playground or community centre{{ToWit-Conduct}} {{contrary|161(4)}}."
|-
|161(4)
| breach of 161 order - term (b)
|"{{ellipsis1}}, being bound by an order prohibited [name1] from being within two kilometres, or any other distance specified in the order, of any dwelling-house where the victim identified in the order ordinarily resides or of any other place specified in the order{{ToWit-Conduct}} {{contrary|161(4)}}."
|-
|161(4)
| breach of 161 order - term (c)
|"{{ellipsis1}}, being bound by an order prohibited [name1] from having any contact — including communicating by any means — with a person who is under the age of 16 years, unless the offender does so under the supervision of a person whom the court considers appropriate{{ToWit-Conduct}} {{contrary|161(4)}}."
|-
|161(4)
| breach of 161 order - term (d)
|"{{ellipsis1}}, being bound by an order prohibited [name1] from using the Internet or other digital network, unless the offender does so in accordance with conditions set by the court{{ToWit-Conduct}} {{contrary|161(4)}}."
{{DraftEnd}}

==Interprétation de l'infraction==
Il n'est pas nécessaire de prouver que l'accusé connaissait ou était volontairement aveugle à la signification juridique des restrictions.<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Allaby|h306h|2017 SKCA 25 (CanLII)|353 CCC (3d) 476}}{{perSKCA|Ottenbreit JA}}{{atL|h306h|44}} ( {{Tr}}« The trial judge made [an error by] requiring the Crown to prove that the accused knew the law or was wilfully blind to the law. Mr. Allaby was not mistaken about what he had done. He was clearly aware that he was bound by two court orders ... He deliberately chose to go to the RPL. On the evidence presented at trial, Mr. Allaby was mistaken about the ambit of the term “community centre” and the legal consequences of his actions. Such a mistake was one of law and could not operate as a defence and negate his intention to commit the offences save in the case of officially induced error. ... » )<br>
voir également {{CanLIIRP|MacDonald|g2ngb|2014 SCC 3 (CanLII)|[2014] 1 SCR 37}}{{perSCC|LeBel J}}
</ref>


{{reflist|2}}

==Condamnation des infractions aux ordonnances 161==
Les ordonnances ont pour but de protéger les enfants. Par conséquent, toute infraction à l'ordonnance est intrinsèquement grave.<REf>
{{CanLIIR|RM|j1675|2019 ONCJ 435 (CanLII)}}{{perONCJ|Konyer J}}{{atL|j1675|16}} ( {{Tr}}« Typically, these orders attempt to manage that risk by, in part, restricting the offender’s ability to be with children in an unsupervised setting.  It follows that any breach of such an order is inherently serious. » )<Br>
{{CanLIIR|Marin|fn82l|2011 ONCJ 481 (CanLII)}}{{perONCJ|Borenstein J}}{{atL|fn82l|23}} ( {{Tr}}« The authority of the court is potentially undermined if courts do not treat breaches of their orders seriously.  This is particularly so in cases such as LTO or section 161 orders where the court has determined that an accused represents a risk and that order is meant to lessen the risk to others. » )
</ref>

Les principes prédominants de détermination de la peine pour les violations des ordonnances d'interdiction prévues à l'art. 161 sont la dénonciation et la dissuasion.<Ref>
{{CanLIIR|Exell|glpbh|2015 ONCA 704 (CanLII)}}{{TheCourtONCA}}{{atL|glpbh|8}}
</ref>

Un délinquant qui enfreint à plusieurs reprises n'est probablement pas dissuadé par une surveillance communautaire. Une ordonnance de probation pour des violations « flagrantes » n'est pas conforme aux objectifs et aux principes de détermination de la peine.<Ref>
{{CanLIIR|Benson|jrg1x|2022 ONCJ 370 (CanLII)}}{{perONCJ|Green J}}{{atL|jrg1x|105}}
</ref>

Certains éléments suggèrent que les principes de « Friesen » s'appliquent aux violations de l'art. 161.<ref>
{{ibid1|Benson}}{{atL|jrg1x|105}}
</ref>

{{reflist|2}}
===Plages===

==Ordonnances de condamnation auxiliaires==
{{seealso|Ordonnances auxiliaires}}

; Ordonnances spécifiques à une infraction
* None

; Ordonnances générales de détermination de la peine
{{GeneralSentencingOrders}}

; Ordonnances générales de confiscation
{{GeneralForfeitureOrders}}

==Suspensions de casier et pardons== 
{{RecordSuspension|s. 161}}

==Histoire==
{{seealso|Liste des modifications au Code criminel|Table de concordance (Code criminel)}}

==Voir également==
* [[Breach of SOIRA Orders (Offence)]]