Mandats d'arrêt pour personnes accusées

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• < Arrestation et détention

Principes généraux

Provincial and superior courts may issue a summons or a warrant to arrest accused persons who is already released on some form of bail. Once the accused is arrested under the warrant, s. 524 governs whether they are to be detained or released.

Provincial Court Warrant

A justice of the provincial court may issue a warrant to arrest an accused under s. 512 (or more typically under s. 524).

Timing

Warrants under s. 512 can be issued at any point in the proceedings.

Procedure

A warrant under s. 512 is available even where the process is defective.

There is no need for a written charge before the justice before they can seek a warrant under s. 524.

Forms

A summons under s. 508 or 512 should use Form 6.

"Public Interest" Warrant for Accused

Section 512(1) accords a provincial court justice discretion to issue either (a) a summons or (b) a warrant of arrest. The issuance of either of these orders under s. 512(1) requires that the justice believe that it is "necessary in the public interest".

Certain actions not to preclude issue of warrant

512 (1) A justice may, where the justice has reasonable and probable grounds to believe that it is necessary in the public interest to issue a summons or a warrant for the arrest of the accused, issue a summons or warrant, notwithstanding that

(a) an appearance notice or undertaking has been confirmed or cancelled under subsection 508(1) [obligation de justice à la réception d'une information];

(b) a summons has previously been issued under subsection 507(4) [assignation à émettre sauf dans certains cas]; or

(c) the accused has been released without conditions or with the intention of compelling their appearance by way of summons.

[omis (2)]
R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 512; R.S., 1985, c. 27 (1st Supp.), s. 82; 1997, c. 18, s. 58; 2019, c. 25, s. 223.
[annotation(s) ajoutée(s)]

– CCC (CanLII), (Jus.)

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Where the justice has "reasonable grounds to believe that it is necessary in the public interest to issue a summons rather than a warrant, then it would be within his discretion to so proceed." This would include information as to the whereabouts or medical condition of the accused.

"Attendance" Warrant for Accused

Section 512(2)(a) and (b) accords a provincial court justice discretion to issue a warrant of arrest where an accused fails to attend pursuant to a served summons (512(2)(a)) or a confirmed appearance notice or undertaking (512(2)(b)). Section 512(2)(c) provides the ability to issue a warrant where the court is satisfied the accused is evading service of a summons.

512
[omis (1)]

Warrant in default of appearance

(2) Where

(a) service of a summons is proved and the accused fails to attend court in accordance with the summons,

(b) an appearance notice or undertaking has been confirmed under subsection 508(1) [obligation de justice à la réception d'une information] and the accused fails to attend court in accordance with it in order to be dealt with according to law, or

(c) it appears that a summons cannot be served because the accused is evading service,

a justice may issue a warrant for the arrest of the accused.

R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 512; R.S., 1985, c. 27 (1st Supp.), s. 82; 1997, c. 18, s. 58; 2019, c. 25, s. 223.
[annotation(s) ajoutée(s)]

– CCC (CanLII), (Jus.)

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Superior Court Warrant

Where the accused is directed to attend superior court, the superior court justice may order a warrant under s. 597.

Bench warrant

597 (1) Where an indictment has been preferred against a person who is at large, and that person does not appear or remain in attendance for his trial, the court before which the accused should have appeared or remained in attendance may issue a warrant in Form 7 [formes] for his arrest.

Execution

(2) A warrant issued under subsection (1) [mandat d'arrêt pour défaut de comparution pour mise en accusation] may be executed anywhere in Canada.

Interim release

(3) If an accused is arrested under a warrant issued under subsection (1) [mandat d'arrêt pour défaut de comparution pour mise en accusation], a judge of the court that issued the warrant may make a release order referred to in section 515 [dispositions relatives à la mise en liberté provisoire par voie judiciaire].

Discretion to postpone execution

(4) A judge who issues a warrant may specify in the warrant the period before which the warrant shall not be executed, to allow the accused to appear voluntarily before a judge having jurisdiction in the territorial division in which the warrant was issued.

Deemed execution of warrant

(5) Where the accused appears voluntarily for the offence in respect of which the accused is charged, the warrant is deemed to be executed.
R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 597; R.S., 1985, c. 27 (1st Supp.), s. 121; 1997, c. 18, s. 68; 2019, c. 25, s. 266.
[annotation(s) ajoutée(s)]

– CCC (CanLII), (Jus.)

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Process Once Arrested

Section 524 governs the process to be followed by the provincial court when a person is arrested on a warrant for breaching previous release conditions issued by either the provincial or superior court level.

Section 524(1) authorizes the issuance of a warrant of arrest.

The justice considers the following:

• if the accused had previously been released under a s. 522(3) order of a superior court, the justice should send the matter to that court (s. 524(1)(a)). Otherwise, the justice may determine the issue of release.
• whether the Crown seeks to cancel the original attendance instrument on account of failing to attend or due to the commission of another indictable offence (s. 524(2))
• if the justice is satisfied that the accused failed to attend or committed another indictable offence, the justice must cancel the original attendance instrument
• if the attendance instrument is cancelled the justice must order the detention of the accused unless they can show cause for release (s. 524)
• if the justice does not cancel the previous instrument, the justice must release the accused

Hearing

524 (1) When an accused is taken before a justice in any of the circumstances described in subsection (2) [pouvoir de la justice d'entendre les allégations de manquement – circonstances], the justice shall

(a) if the accused was released from custody under an order made under subsection 522(3) [liberté de l'accusé pour infractions à l'art. 469] by a judge of the superior court of criminal jurisdiction of any province, order that the accused be taken before a judge of that court so that the judge may hear the matter; or

(b) in any other case, hear the matter.

Circumstances

(2) The circumstances referred to in subsection (1) [pouvoir du juge d'entendre les allégations de violation] are the following:

(a) the accused has been arrested for the contravention of or having been about to contravene, a summons, appearance notice, undertaking or release order and the prosecutor seeks to have it cancelled under this section; or

(b) the accused has been arrested for having committed an indictable offence while being subject to a summons, appearance notice, undertaking or release order and the prosecutor seeks to have it cancelled under this section.

[omis (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9) and (10)]
R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 524; 1999, c. 3, s. 33; 2019, c. 25, s. 234.
[annotation(s) ajoutée(s)]

– CCC (CanLII), (Jus.)

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Warrant for Breaching the Identification of Criminals Act

Failure to appear

502 Where an accused who is required by an appearance notice or promise to appear or by a recognizance entered into before an officer in charge or another peace officer to appear at a time and place stated therein for the purposes of the Identification of Criminals Act does not appear at that time and place, a justice may, where the appearance notice, promise to appear or recognizance has been confirmed by a justice under section 508 [justice to hear informant and witness], issue a warrant for the arrest of the accused for the offence with which the accused is charged.
R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 502; 1992, c. 47, s. 70; 1996, c. 7, s. 38; 1997, c. 18, s. 54.
[annotation(s) ajoutée(s)]

– CCC (CanLII), (Jus.)

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History

• Historical Provisions Concerning Arrest Warrants for Accused Persons

See Also

• Arrest Warrant for Breach of Court Orders (Until December 18, 2019)